Class6

Question 1

The difference between aldehydes and ketones

Answer 1

Is the placement of the carbonyl group
Aldehyde- C–O at the end
Ketone- C–O in the middle

Question 2

Methanal (formaldehyde)

Answer 2

H- C -H
||
O

Question 3

Ethanal (acetaldehyde)

Answer 3

H3C- C - H
||
O

Question 4

Pentanal (Valeraldehyde)

Answer 4

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2- C -H
||
O

Question 5

Propanone(acetone)

Answer 5

CH3- C - CH3
||
O

Question 6

Acetophenone

Answer 6

.

Question 7

Benzophenone

Answer 7

.

Question 8

Important aldeyhyde
Methanal
Ethanal
2,3-dihydroxypropanal
Benzaldehyde

Answer 8

Formaldehyde
Acetaldehyde
Glyceraldehyde
-

Question 9

Important ketones
Propanone
1,3-dihydroxypropanone

Answer 9

Dimethyl ketone= acetone
Dihydroxyacetone

Question 10

Oxidation reaction for
Primary alcohols->
Sec. Alcohols->

Answer 10

Aldehyde-> carboxylic acid
Ketone-> no more oxidization

Question 11

Reduction rection for
Aldehyde->
Ketone->

Answer 11

Primary alcohol
Secondary alcohol

Question 12

Addition of water to carbonyl compounds forms

Answer 12

Hydrate

Question 13

Addition of alcohols to carbonyl acids forms

Answer 13

Hemiacetal or hemiketal

Question 14

Addition of nitrogen to carbonyl compounds forms

Answer 14

Imine

Question 15

Oxidation agents to produce aldehydes or ketones

Answer 15

Acidified potassium dichromate K2Cr2O7 orange to green
Acidified potassium manganate KMnO4 purple to colorless

Question 16

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by reducing agents such as

Answer 16

NaBH4 or LiAlH4

Question 17

Aldehydes are reduced to…
Ketones are reduced to…

Answer 17

Primary alcohols
Secondary alcohols

Question 18

………..is a reaction where a nucleophile (electron-rich species) reacts with an electron-deficient center, typically a positively polarized carbon atom in a molecule. In the context of carbonyl compounds like aldehydes or ketones, nucleophilic addition involves the attack of a nucleophile on the carbon atom of the carbonyl group.

Answer 18

Nucleophilic rxn

Question 19

Carboxyl group

Answer 19

R-COOH /R-CO2H

Question 20

Suffixes for carboxylic aids

Answer 20

-oic / -dioic acid

Question 21

Widely distributed in nature
Tart taste (vinegar, sour milk)
Weak acids

Answer 21

Carboxylic acids

Question 22

Oxalic acid
Malonic acid
Succinic acid
Glutaric acid
Adipic acid

Answer 22

HOOC-COOH
HCOOC-CH2-COOH
HOOC-(CH2)2- COOH
HOOC-(CH2)3-COOH
HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH

Question 23

Benzoic acid(benzene carboxylic acid) draw

Answer 23

.

Question 24

Salicylic acid( 2-hydroxybenzoic acid) draw

Answer 24

.

Question 25

Phtalic acid draw

Answer 25

.

Question 26

Carboxylic acid table red squares

Answer 26

.

Question 27

Oxidation of primary alcohols and aldehydes lead to

Answer 27

Production of carboxylic acids

Question 28

Hydrolysis of nitriles using either dilute acid or dilute alkali followed by acidification forms

Answer 28

Carboxylic acids

Question 29

Hydrolysis of esters by dilute acid or dilute alkali and heat followed by acidification forms

Answer 29

Carboxylic acid and alcohol

Question 30

The condensation rxn between an alcohol and carboxylic acid forms

Answer 30

Esters

Question 31

Reactions of carboxylic acids

Answer 31

Redox rxn with reactive metals producing salt and hydrogen gas Acid-base rxns with carbonates producing salt+water+co2 Reduction by LiAlH4 producing primary alc+ water Neutralisation rxns with alkalis producing salt+water Esterification with alcs and H2SO4 as catalyst producing ester+ water