Class_11_Frontal-Subcortical Function

Question 1

Parts of the frontal cortex

Answer 1

1. prefrontal cortex
2. anterior cingulate
3. basal ganglia

Question 2

Parts of the basal ganglia

Answer 2

1. caudate
2. putamen
3. globus pallidus

Question 3

Dysexecutive syndrome

Answer 3

Lateral prefrontal + superior parietal cortex
- Problems with working memory
- prospective memory
- planning
- multi-tasking
- sustained attention

Question 4

Apathy syndrome

Answer 4

Medial prefrontal
- Low motivation
- low interest
- no hobbies
- no social life
- limited speech

Question 5

Disinhibition syndrome

Answer 5

Orbitofrontal
- Swearing
- risk taking
- sexually inappropriate
- aggression
- poor social skills

Question 6

Lacunes

Answer 6

small lesions of the subcortical grey and white matter

Question 7

Lacunar strokes

Answer 7

strokes affecting the subcortical areas
- e.g., basal ganglia or white matter
- interfere with the function of the cortical-subcortical circuits

Question 8

Fronto-parietal system

Answer 8

general intelligence and executive functions

Question 9

Frontal-Subcortical Assessment Battery

Answer 9

bedside tests of executive functions
- subcortical impairment
- e.g., Parkinson’s disease
1. verbal fluency subtest
2. Luria three step subtest
3. Go/no-go subtest

Question 10

Dynamic aphasia

Answer 10

frontal cortex, or basal ganglia damage
- poor verbal fluency
- can name pictures,
- can repeat what they are told
- can comprehend speech
- indicate general executive impairment

Question 11

Brief Executive Language Screen

Answer 11

1. Buccofacial apraxia
2. verbal fluency
3. picture description
4. Hayling Test
5. Go/No-go

Question 12

Cortical-subcortical circuits

Answer 12

basal ganglia
- behavior control
- non-declarative learning

Question 13

Non-declarative learning tests

Answer 13

• Classification tasks
• Weather Prediction Task

Question 14

Medial prefrontal circuit

Answer 14

motivation

Question 15

Akinetic mutism

Answer 15

medial prefrontal / anterior cingulate circuit damage
- extreme loss of motivation
- volition

Question 16

Abulia

Answer 16

“lack of will, drive, or initiative for action, speech, and thought

Question 17

Orbitofrontal circuit

Answer 17

• utilization behavior
• behavior regulation

Question 18

Environmental dependency syndrome

Answer 18

orbitofrontal cortex damage
- tend to use objects placed in front of them

Question 19

Frontal Systems Behavior Scale- FrSBe

Answer 19

dysexecutive, apathy, and disinhibition