Classes 5&6 Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
X-radiation was discovered by who?
A
Wilhelm Roentgen
2
Q
Dental radiation ____ cause damage to all the living cells.
A
Can
3
Q
The ____ is the inner core of an atom.
A
Nucleus
4
Q
____ is when x-rays strike patients tissues.
A
Ionization
5
Q
The longer the wavelength, the ____ its ability to penetrate matter.
A
Less
6
Q
What type of radiation is given off when the primary beam comes into contact with the bones of the skull and the teeth?
A
Secondary
7
Q
The maximum permissible whole body exposure per year for those people who are occupationally exposed to radiation is ____.
A
5.0 rem
8
Q
Dental personnel should strive for an occupational dose of ____.
A
Zero
9
Q
The acronym ALARA stands for what?
A
As low as reasonably achievable
10
Q
____ is the exposure to radiation occuring over a long period.
A
Chronic exposure
11
Q
Somatic effects of exposure to radiation DO NOT affect ____.
A
Future generations
12
Q
To prevent radiation exposure to the reproductive cells, the ____ must be placed on all patients.
A
Lead apron
13
Q
What should dental personnel wear to record any exposure to occupational radiation?
A
Film badge
14
Q
Dental x-ray equipment must be monitored for ____ radiation
A
Leakage
15
Q
Unless you are behind a lead barrier while exposing radiographs, you should never stand closer than ____ from the primary beam.
A
6 ft
16
Q
If Children are unable to hold the x-ray film by themselves, you are ____ to hold it for them. A child may sit in a parents lap with a lead apron on.
A
Not
17
Q
Even though dental x-ray machines may vary in size and appearance, they all have a _____, ____, and ____.
A
Tubehead, extension arm, control panel
18
Q
The ___ is made of a metal called tungsten.
A
Cathode
19
Q
The filter in x-ray machines is made from ____.
A
Aluminum
20
Q
The collimator is made from ____.
A
Lead
21
Q
PID stands for ____.
A
Position indicator devices
22
Q
PIDs are available in which sizes?
A
8 inches, 12 inches, 16inches
23
Q
On a radiograph film, a ____ image appears dark/black.
A
Radiolucent
24
Q
Dental radiographs are owned by the ____.
A
Dentist
25
The sources of disease transmission during dental radiography are ____, ____, and ____.
Film packets, control panel, dental chair controls
26
Bite tabs used for bitewing radiographs must be ____ after each use.
Discarded
27
The ____ radiograph shows the images of the entire length of the tooth including the apex.
Periapical
28
The bitewing ____ may be positioned in either vertical or horizontal positions.
Film
29
The ____ the film speed, the less radiation needed for each exposure.
Faster
30
The ____ technique is the radiographic technique that produces the least amount of distortion to the image.
Paralleling
31
In the ____ technique the film is placed parallel to the long axis of the tooth.
Paralleling
32
The ___ devices can be used for both the paralleling and bisection of the angle technique.
Film-holding
33
When exposing a mandibular canine the film is positioned _____, or ____.
Vertical, horizontal
34
A bitewing radiographic survey can include ____.
2(for kids) or 4 films.
35
The premolar periapical film should include the distal half of the canine and ____.
Both canines
36
Incorrect ____ angulation will result in closed contacts on the radiograph.
Horizontal
37
The "short cone" technique is the ____ technique.
Bisection of the angle
38
For patients with a shallow palate, a very short lingual freanum, or palatal tori, the ____ technique is often used.
Bisection of the angle
39
The timer and exposure controls should be set ____ the film is positioned in the patients mouth.
Before
40
After exposure, should EACH film be labeled with the patient's name and the date?
No
41
____ solution may cause damage to the electrical connections of the radiographic equipment.
Disenfecting
42
While exposing dental radiographs, the minimum PPE are ____.
Gloves and protective clothing
43
How often should processing solutions be replenished?
Daily, usually after about 30 uses.
44
You may not use just any red light for the darkroom. A ____ is required.
Safelight
45
In most darkrooms, the ____ tank will be located on the left side.
Developer
46
The final rinse for radiographs must be atleast ____ minutes.
20
47
Advantages of automatic film processors are ____ and _____.
Time/temperature controlled, less space required
48
What can cause white spots if splashed on radiographs during processing?
Fixer (fixing) solution
49
What can cause black spots if splashed on radiographs during processing?
Developer solution
50
What processing error can cause light images?
Underdevelopment
51
Fogged film can be caused by ____.
Improper safe lighting, or using expired film
52
An extroral film is available in which sizes?
5x7, 8x10, 10x12
53
Intensifying screens are NOT used to increase the amount of radiation delivered to the patient.
True
54
Which type of screen film requires the least amount of radiation?
Green sensitive
55
Which type of imaging system records images directly onto a computer screen?
Digital imaging
56
What type of radiology takes a 2 dimensional image of the entire mouth?
Panoramic
57
____ is the type of imaging system that records images directly onto a computer screen.
Digital imaging
58
A critical component in obtaining a quality panoramic radiograph is ____, qualified operator, and proper film processing.
Patient positioning
59
____ is used to reproduce radiographic images. The film is placed over the original x-ray and exposed to ultraviolet light to create an accurate copy.
X-ray duplicating film
60
Does duplicating radiographs require the use of x- radiation?
No
61
A ____ is an invisible image on an exposed film or print that has not yet been made visible by developing. When photographic film is developed, the area that was exposed darkens and forms a visible image.
Latent image
62
Examples of structures that appear radiopaque on radiographs are what?
Amalgam, bone, and enamel
63
___ x-rays are used to track the development and placement of an entire arch of teeth in either the upper or lower jaw.
Occlusal
64
____ x-rays are used to detect dental problems in the jaw and skull. There are several types of these x-rays.
Extraoral
65
____ x-rays show the whole tooth from the crown, to beyond the root where the tooth attaches into the jaw. They detect any unusual changes in the root and surrounding bone structures.
Periapical
66
____ x-rays show details of the upper and lower teeth in one area of the mouth. They detect decay between teeth and changes in the thickness of bone.
Bitewing
67
____ are the most common type of x-ray. There are several types of these x-rays that each show different aspects of teeth.
Intraoral x-rays
68
____ x-rays show the entire mouth area. This x-ray detects the position of fully emerged as well as emerging teeth, and can see impacted teeth.
Panoramic
69
A dark radiographic image may have been caused by ____.
Overexposure, overdevelopment
70
There are two main types of ____ x-rays.
| Intraoral: the x-ray film is inside the mouth Extraoral: the x-ray film is outside the mouth
Dental
71
____ are damaging effects of radiation that can be passed onto future generations is _____.
Genetic effects
72
____ are damaging effects of radiation seen in the individual who is exposed to radiation.
Somatic effects
73
____ is a device containing photographic film which registers the wearer's exposure to radiation.
Film badge
74
If the tubehead drifts during exposure, should you ask the patient to stabilize it with their hand?
No
75
The latent image is the image on the ___
Film before processing
76
____ means making every reasonable effort to maintain exposures to ionizing radiation as far below the dose limit as practical.
ALARA
77
Bitewing x-rays are usually taken during routine dental visits and can show ____ starting to develop between your teeth, and bone loss due to periodontal disease.
Cavities
78
Periapical x-ray shows the entire length of each tooth, from ____ to ____.
Crown to root
79
____ refers to that portion of processed radiograph which appears as light/white.
Radiopaque
80
____ refers to the portion of a processed radiograph which appears dark/black.
Radiolucent
81
On a radiograph film, a ____ image appears light/white.
Radiopaque
82
____ are a form of energy that can penetrate matter.
X-rays
83
Exposure to _____ can bring out changes in body chemicals, cells, tissues, and organs.
Radiation
84
____ radiation exposure occurs when a large dose of radiation is absorbed in a short period of time.
Acute
85
The _____ is a tightly sealed, heavy metal housing that contains the radiograph tube.
Tubehead
86
The ____ is the heart of the x-ray generating system.
X-ray tube
87
The ____ consists of a tungsten filament in a focusing cup made of glass and the purpose is to supply the electrons necessary to generate x-rays.
Cathode
88
The ____ acts as the target for the electrons.
Anode
89
The wire between the tubehead and the control panel is enclosed in the hollow ____. The arm also has an important function in positioning the tubehead. It folds up and can be swiveled from side to side.
Extension arm
90
The ____ is located on a wall outside of the x-ray area to prevent radiation exposure to the operator while exposing the film.
Control panel
91
The ____ contains the master switch, an indicator light, selector buttons, and an exposure button and the controls should be set BEFORE the film is positioned in the patient's mouth.
Control panel
92
The x-ray mcahine may be safely left on all day because it does not produce radiation unless the ____ button is being pushed.
Exposure
93
Examples that appear radiolucent on a radiograph are what?
Air spaces, soft tissues, abscesses, tooth decay, and dental pulp
94
Examples that may appear radiopaque on a radiograph are what?
Matel restorations, tooth enamel, and dense areas of bone
95
____ is the overall blackness or darkness of a film.
Density
96
On one corner of the film packet is a small raised bump known as the ____. The bump or dot is used to determine the left side from right side when placing the film.
Identification dot
97
The premolar periapical film should include ____ and ____>
The distal half of the canine, both premolars
98
The film is positioned in a ____ position when exposing a mandibular canine radiograph.
Vertical
99
After exposure should EACH film be labeled with the patients name and date?
No
100
Intensifying screens are NOT used to increase the amount of radiation delivered to a patient.
True
