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Step One Rapid Review > Classic Associations > Flashcards

Classic Associations Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

Actinic keratosis

A

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

Cushing’s ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretions)

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3
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

A

Curling’s ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

Aortic arch aneurysm

A 
Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis)
Vasa vasorum destruction
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5
Q

Ascending aortic aneurysm

A

Marfan’s syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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6
Q

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A

Wernicke’s encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

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7
Q

Meningitis in the newborn (0-6mo)

A

Group B strep
E. coli
Listeria

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8
Q

Meningitis in children (6mo-6yr)

A

S. pneumoniae
N. meningitidis
H. flu type B
Enterovirus

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9
Q

Meningitis 6-60yrs

A

S. pneumoniae
N. meningitidis (#1 in teens)
Enterovirus
HSV

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10
Q

Meningitis 60+yrs

A

S. pneumoniae
Gram-negative rods
Listeria

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11
Q

Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand’s factor)

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12
Q

Brain tumor (adults)

A

Supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytoma (includes Glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma

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13
Q

Brain tumor (kids)

A

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
Supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)

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14
Q

Breast tumor (benign)

A

Fibroadenoma

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15
Q

Cardiac primary tumor (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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16
Q

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)

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17
Q

Cardiac tumor (adults)

A 
Metastasis
Primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium, "ball and valve")
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18
Q

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)

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19
Q

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

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20
Q

Compression fracture

A

Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)

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21
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

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22
Q

Congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD > ASD > PDA

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23
Q

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

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24
Q

Constrictive pericarditis

A

Tuberculosis (developing world); systemic lupus erythematosus (developed world)

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25
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD > RCA > LCA
26
Cyanosis (early)
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus (these are less common causes of cyanosis)
27
Cyanosis (late)
VSD, ASD, PDA | these are more common causes
28
Death in CML
Blast crisis
29
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
30
DIC
Venom, Severe sepsis, Trauma, obstetric complications, Pancreatitis, Malignancy, Nephrotic Syndrome, Transfusions... burns, major surgery "Vimal, STOP Making New Thrombi"
31
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker's diverticulum (false diverticulum, not surrounded by musculature... only involves mucosa/submucosa)
32
Ejection click
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
33
Congenital heart murmur
Mitral valve prolapse
34
Helminth infection (U.S.)
Enterobius vermicularis | Ascaris lumbricoides
35
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions | Hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes", and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
36
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
37
HLA-B27
Ankylosing spondylitis Reiter's syndrome Ulcerative colitis Psoriasis
38
HLA-DR3 or -DR4
Diabetes mellitus type 1 Rheumatoid arthritis SLE
39
Holosystolic murmur
VSD Tricuspid regurgitation Mitral regurgitation
40
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow's triad (thromboembolism risk)
41
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase positive)
42
Kidney stones
Calcium = radiopaque Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease-positive organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus) Uric acid = radiolucent
43
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)
Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
44
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin's lymphoma
45
Malignancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
46
Metastases to bone
Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid, testes
47
Metastases to brain
Lung > breast > genitourinary > osteosarcoma > melanoma > GI
48
Metastases to liver
Colon >> stomach, pancreas Goljan says Lung > Colon
49
Myocarditis
Coxsackie B
50
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
51
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
52
Neuron migration failure
Kallman syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
53
Nosocomial pneumonia
Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
54
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
55
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell
Salmonella
56
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
Pseudamonas, S. aureus
57
Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
58
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
59
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
60
ALL age group
Child | ~0-14 yrs
61
CLL age group
Old Adult | >60
62
AML age group
Adult ~15-65 >30% blasts in smear
63
CML age group
Adult 30-60 <30% blasts
64
Philadelphia chromosome
t(9;22) (bcr-abl) | CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
65
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma, somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
66
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
67
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
68
Prymary hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
69
Primary liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency)
70
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger's disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
71
Renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
72
S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
Increased ventricular filling (left to right shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])
73
S4 (presystolic gallop)
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
74
SIADH
small cell carcinoma of the lung
75
Sites of atherosclerosis
Abd. aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
76
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
77
t(14;18)
Follicular lymphoma (bcl-2 activation)
78
t(8; 14)
Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
79
t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
80
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis or opthalmic artery polymyalgia rheumatica
81
Testicular tumor
Seminoma
82
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
83
Tumor of adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
84
Tumor of adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
85
Type of Hodgkin's
Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
86
UTI
E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
87
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
88
Vitamin deficiency (U.S.)
Folate

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