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Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

Antidesmoglein antibodies (epithelial)

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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3
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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4
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

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5
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

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6
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

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7
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Vasculitis (Wegeners polyangitis with granulomatosis c-ANCA)
-WeCeners

microscopic polyangiits (p-ANCA)
Churg-Strauss (p-ANCA)
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8
Q

c-ANCA antibodies

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s)

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9
Q

p-ANCA antibodies

A

1) Microscopic polyangiitis

2) Churg-strauss syndrome

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10
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (Anti-Smith, and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity) except the pancytopenia is Type II

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11
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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12
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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13
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)

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14
Q

“Apple core” lesion on abdominal x-ray

A

Colorectal Cancer (usually left-sided)

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15
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase-positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia, esp. promyelocytic [M3] type)

My be described as “Large Intracellular or cytoplasmic granules” in immature myeloid cells (promyelocytes)

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16
Q

Bacitracin sensitive

A

Streptococcus pyogenes
Group A
B-BRAS

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17
Q

Bacitracin resistant

A

Streptococcus agalactiae
Group B
B-BRAS

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18
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

Jolly Howell has Sickle Cell Disease, infarcted spleen, can’t remove nuclear remnants from RBCs

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19
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

1) Lead poisoning

2) Sideroblastic anemia

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20
Q

Bloody tap on LP

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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21
Q

“Boot shaped” heart on x-ray

A

1) Tetralogy of Fallot

2) Right ventricular hypertrophy

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22
Q

Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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23
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner’s syndrome)

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24
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

1) Hyperparathyroidism

2) Osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderine from hemorrhage gives brown color)

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25
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
26
Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
27
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
28
Colonies of mucoid pseudamonas in lungs
Cystic fibrosis (AR mut in CFTR, fat sol. vit. deficiencies & mucous plugs)
29
Decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
1) Down syndrome | 2) Other Chromosomal abnormality
30
Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
1) Tabes dorsalis (Tertiary syphilis) | 2) Subacute combined degeneration (dorsal column and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)
31
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma, can result in whorled mucous plugs)
32
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
33
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
34
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"Owl's eye" appearance in CMV | The owl eye is a huge singular inclusion, as contrasted by reed-sternberg which have two
35
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
"Orphan Annie's eyes" nuclei (Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
36
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)
37
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)
38
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, oft. yellow fever)
39
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
Negri bodies of rabies (Lassavirus)
40
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)
41
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkins lymphoma)
42
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
43
"Hair on end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray
1) Beta-thalassemia 2) sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
44
Elevated hCG
1) Choriocarcinoma | 2) Hydatidiform mole
45
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
46
Heterophile antibodies (anti-horse)
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
47
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
48
Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (primary TB, mycobacterium bacilli)
49
Hypercoagulability (migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
Trousseau's syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lungs)
50
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: +neuro symptoms; Folate deficiency; -neuro symptoms)
51
Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Conn's syndrome (hyper aldosteronism)
52
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
1) Iron deficiency anemia 2) Lead poisoning 3) Thalassemia (fetal Hb sometimes present)
53
Increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid or maternal serum
1) Dating error 2) Anencephaly 3) Spina bifida
54
Increased uric acid levels
1) Gout 2) Lesch-Nyhan syndrome 3) Tumor lysis syndrome 4) Loop and thiazide diuretics
55
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
56
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: elev risk of mesothelioma)
57
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation) Worst. Traffickers. Ever.
58
"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
59
Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane
Goodpasture's sydnrome
60
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration, copper accumulation)
61
"Lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)
62
Lytic bone lesions on x-ray ("hole punched")
Multiple myeloma
63
"blue domed" cyst (mammary gland)
Fibrocystic change of the breast
64
Monoclonal antibody spike
1) Multiple myeloma (IgG or IgA) 2) Monoclonal gammopathy of undertmined significance (MGUS) 3) Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (M protein = IgM) 4) Primary amyloidosis
65
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray
"String sign" (Crohn's disease)
66
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
1) Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's; c-ANCA+) | 2) Goodpasture's syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
67
Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
68
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
69
Novobiocin Sensitive
Staphylococcus epidermidis No StRESs on staph retreat
70
Novobiocin Resistant
Staphylococcus saprophyticus No StRESs on staph retreat
71
"Nutmeg" appearance of liver
Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
72
"Onion skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
73
Optochin Sensitive
Streptococcus pneumoniae OVRPS "overpass"
74
Optochin Resistant
Viridans strep OVRPS "overpass"
75
Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman's triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
76
Podocyte fusion or "effacement" on electron microscopy
Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
77
Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
78
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphrylation of protein tau
1) Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's dz) | 2) Pick's bodies (Pick's dz, frontal and temporal lobe)
79
Psammoma bodies
Papillary thyroid carcinoma Meningiomas Mesothelioma Papillary serous carcinoma of endometrium
80
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
81
RBC casts in urine
Acute glomerulonephritis
82
Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
83
Renal epithelial casts in urine
Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
84
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
Pseudogout (Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
85
Rib notching
Coarctation of the aorta
86
Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS
1) Toxoplasma gondii | 2) CNS lymphoma
87
Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages ("starry sky" histology)
Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation assoc. with EBV; "black sky" made up of malignant cells)
88
Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
89
"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
90
"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome like" subepithelial deposits
Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
91
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)
92
"Tennis racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis (macrophages in skin and mucosa) or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
93
Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn (aterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
94
"Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
95
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
96
Tram-track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
97
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease (ETOH or metabolic syn)
98
"Waxy" casts with very low urine flow
Chronic end-stage renal disease
99
WBC casts in urine
Acute pyelonephritis
100
WBCs that look "smudged"
CLL (almost always B cell)
101
"Wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
Lupus nephropathy
102
Yellowish CSF
Xanthrochromia (e.g. due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)
103
High Calcium, Alk Phos, PTH, low phosphate
Osteitis fibrosa cystica | Brown tumors of hyperparathyroidism
104
Low Calcium, low phosphate, high Alk phos, high PTH
Osteomalacia/rickets | Vit D deficiency

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