Classic Lab/Diagnostic findings Flashcards
(104 cards)
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Anticentromere antibodies</p>
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<p> Scleroderma <u>(CREST)</u></p> <ul> <li> Calcinosis/anti-centromere antibodies</li> <li> Raynaud phenomenon</li> <li> Esophageal dysmobilitiy</li> <li> Sclerodactaly</li> <li> Telangetasias</li> </ul>
Antidesmoglein (epithelial antibodies)
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
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| Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies</p>
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Goodpasture's syndrome</p>
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(glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)</p>
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| Antihistone antibodies</p>
<p> Drug-induced SLE</p> <p> (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)</p> <p> <u>I'M DAMN SHARP</u></p> <ul> <li> Immune (anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith, VDRL)</li> <li> Malar rash</li> <li> Discoid rash</li> <li> ANA</li> <li> Mucosal ulcers</li> <li> Neurological (encephalopathy)</li> <li> Serosal (pericarditis, pleuralits)</li> <li> Heme: (Low RBC/WBC/Platelets)</li> <li> Arthritis</li> <li> Renal (diffuse glomerulonephritis)</li> <li> Photosensitivity</li> </ul>
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| Anti-IgG antibodies</p>
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Rheumatoid arthritis</p>
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(systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)</p>
<p> Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)</p>
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Primary billiary cirrhosis</p>
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(female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)</p>
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| c-ANCA (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies)</p>
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Wegener's granulmatous necrotizing vasculitis:</p>
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(Nasopharynx, Lungs, Kidney)</p>
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| p-ANCA (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies)</p>
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Polyangitis cystica: Lung/Kidney necrotizing vasculitis</p>
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or</p>
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Churg-Strauss syndrome: Lung/Heart <u>granulomatous</u> necrotizing vasculitis</p>
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| anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA ANAs</p>
<p> SLE (type III hypersensitivity)</p> <p> <u>I'M DAMN SHARP</u></p> <ul> <li> Immune (anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith, VDRL)</li> <li> Malar rash</li> <li> Discoid rash</li> <li> ANA</li> <li> Mucosal ulcers</li> <li> Neurological (encephalopathy)</li> <li> Serosal (pericarditis, pleuralits)</li> <li> Heme: (Low RBC/WBC/Platelets)</li> <li> Arthritis</li> <li> Renal (diffuse glomerulonephritis)</li> <li> Photosensitivity</li> </ul>
Antiplatelet antibodies
Idiopathic thromobytopenic pupura (ITP)
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| Anti-Scl-70 antibodies (Anti- DNA topoisomerase antibodies)</p>
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Diffuse systemic Scleroderma</p>
Localized is CREST
(Calcinosis, Raynaud’s phonomenon, Esophageal dysmobility, Scerlodactly, Tanelgectasias)
<p> Anti-transglutaminase</p> <p> anti-gliadin</p> <p> anti-endomysial antibodies</p>
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Celiac disease</p>
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(diarrhea, distension, weight loss)</p>
“Apple core” lesionon abdominal x-ray
Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
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| Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts</p>
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Auer rods</p>
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(acute myelogenous leukemia, especially promyelocytic type)</p>
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| Bacitracin response</p>
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Senstitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A)</p>
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Resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)</p>
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| "Bamboo spine" on x-ray</p>
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Ankylosing spondylitis</p>
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(chronic inflammatory arthritis HLA-B27)</p>
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| Basophilic nuclear remanants of RBCs</p>
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Howell-Jolly bodies</p>
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(due to splenectomy or non functional spleen)</p>
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| Basophilic stippling of RBCs</p>
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Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia</p>
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(small basophilic dots in periphery of RBC: rRNA)</p>
Bloddy tap on LP
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
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| "Boot shaped" heart on x-ray</p>
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Tetralogy of Fallot</p>
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Right ventricular hypertrophy</p>
Branching gram-positive rods with sulfer granules
Actinomyces israelii
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| Bronchogenic apical lung tumor</p>
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Pancoast tumor</p>
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(can cause Horner's syndrome by compressing sympathetic ganglion)</p>
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| "brown" tumor of bone</p>
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Hyperarathyroidism or Osteitis fibrosa cystica</p>
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(Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts)</p>
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</p>
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
Chagras’ disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
| "Chocolate cyst" of ovary
Endometriosis
(frequently involves both ovaries)
| Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surronding pale neurofibrils
Homer Wright rosettes
(neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
| Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic fibrosis
(Autosomal recessive mutation to CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
| Degeneration of dorsal column spinal nerves
Tabes dorsalis (3o syphilis)
```| Depigmentation of neurons in substantia niagra
Parkinson's disease
basal ganglia disorder:
(rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
```| Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann's spirals
(bronchail asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
| Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exter bodies
(granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
| Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlagement and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes
(from HPV: raisening of nucleus)
| Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
"Orphan annie eye" nuclei
(papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
| Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory bodies
(alcholic liver disease)
| Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body
(Parkinson's disease)
| Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body
(toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
| Eosiniphilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
Rabies virus
(Lyssavirus)
| Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques
(Alzheimer's disease)
| Giant B cells with bi-lobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
Reed-Sternberg cells
(Hodgkin's lymphoma, CD15+, CD30+)
| Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies
(yolk-sac tumor)
| "Hair-on-end" (Crew-cut) appearance on X-ray
Bone marrow expansion from:
Beta-thalassemia
or
Sickle cell anemia
```| Elevated hCG
Choriocarcinoma
or
Hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
```| Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma
(Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
| High level of D-dimers
Deep vein thrombosis
Pulmonary embolism
DIC
```Hilar lymphadenopathy
Peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex
(primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)
| Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia
(B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms)
(Folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)
| Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
Lead poisoning
Thalassemia
(HbF sometimes present)
```| Incresased uric acid levels
Gout
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
Tumor lysis syndrome
Loop and thiazide diuretics
```| Iron-contianing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferrugious bodies
(asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes
Immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi disease
(congenital fialure of phagolysosome formation)
| "Lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
(immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)
| Monoclonal antibody spike
1. Multiple Myeloma (M protein [IgG or IgA])
2. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermend significance (MUGS: normal consequense of aging)
3. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (M protein = IgM)
4. Primary amyloidosis
| Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine
Bence Jone proteins
(multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine])
Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM)
| Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules
(diabetic nephropathy)
| Novoviocin response
Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis
Resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus
| "Onion-skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing's sarcoma
(malignant round cell tumor)
| Optochin response
Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Resistant: Viridans streptococcus
| Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman's triangle on x-ray
(osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
| Podocyte fusion on EM
Minimal change disease
(child with nephrotic syndrome)
| Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphoryalation of protein tau
Neurofibrillary tangles
(Alzheimer's disesae and CJD)
| Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky" appearance on histology)
Burkitt's lymphoma
(t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV, "black sky" made of malignant cells)
| Silver-staining spherical grregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies
(Pick's disease; progressive dementia, changes in personality)
| "spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits
Membranous glomerulonephritis
(may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
| Stacks of red blood cells
Rouleaux formation
(high ESR, multiple myeloma)
| Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
| "Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)
| Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn
(arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
| "Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
| Epiglottitis (Haemophilus infuenzae)
| WBCs that look "smudged"
CLL
(almost always B cell; affects the elderly)
| Yellow CSF
Xanthochromia
(previous subarachnoid hemorrhage)
Anti-SS-A (anti-Ro) antibodies
Anti-SS-B (anti-La) antibodies
| Sjogren's syndrome
