Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Boards High Yield > Classic Labs/Findings > Flashcards

Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

1
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anti-desmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug induced SLE (hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Microscopic polyangiitis and Churg Strauss snydrome (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA); granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegner; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA: anti-Smith and anti dsDNA)

A

SLE (Type III hypersensitivity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What’s the dz with Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

“Apple core” lesion on abdominal x-ray

A

Colorectal cancer (usually left sided)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase-positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

What are this and in what condition found?

A

Auer rods (AML, especially promyelocytic M3 type, treat with all trans retinoic acid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

“Bamboo spine” on xray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA B27)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bloody tap on LP

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

“Boot shaped” heart on X-ray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can suppress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

HyperPTH or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

“Chocolate cyst” of ovary

A

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
26
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene-->fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
27
Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
28
Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)
29
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting, tremor, bradykinesia)
30
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
31
Disarraged granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
32
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
33
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"owl-eye" appearance of CMV
34
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
"Orphan-Annie" eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
35
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)
36
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (Parkinson disease)
37
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
38
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells
Negri bodies of rabies
39
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)
40
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eyes)
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)
41
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk-sac tumor)
42
"Hair-on-end" (crew cut) appearance on x-ray
B-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion due to increased hematopoesis)
43
hCG elevated
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occrs with and w/out embryo, and multiple pregnancy)
44
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
45
Heterophile antibodies
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
46
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
47
High level of D-Dimers
DVT, PE, DIC
48
Hilar LAD, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)
49
"Honey comb lumg" on xray or CT
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
50
Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
51
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)
52
Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Conn syndrome (hyper-aldosteronism)
53
Increased uric acid levels
Gout, lesch-nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
54
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
55
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)
56
Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
Squamous cell carcinoma
57
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
58
"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
59
Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane
Goodpasture syndrome
60
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
61
"Lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)
62
Lytic (hole punched) bone lesions on x-ray
Multiple myeloma
63
Mammary gland ("blue domed") cyst
Fibrocystic change of the breast
64
Monoclonal antibody spike
Multiple myeloma (IgG or IgA); MGUS (aging); Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM); Primary amyloidosis
65
Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
"signet ring" (gastric carcinoma)
66
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray
"String sign" (Crohn disease)
67
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) and Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
68
Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
69
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodule (diabetic neuropathy)
70
Novobiocin response
Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis; resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus
71
"Nutmeg" appearance of liver
Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
72
"Onion skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
73
Optochin response
Sensitive: streptococcus pneumoniae; resistant: viridans streptococci
74
Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
75
Podocyte fusion or "effacement" on electron microscope
Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
76
Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
77
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)
78
Psammoma bodies
Papillary thyroid carcinoma, serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary, mesothelioma, meningiomas
79
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
80
RBC casts in urine
Acute glomerulonephritis
81
Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
82
Renal epithelial casts in urine
Acute toxic/viral renal injury
83
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringement
Pseudogout (CPPD crystals)
84
Rib notching
coarctation of the aorta
85
Ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
86
Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages ("starry sky" histology)
Burkitt lymphoma ([t8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; "black-sky" made up of malignant cells)
87
Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
88
"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on X-ray
Giant cell-tumor of bone (generally benign)
89
"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits
Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
90
Stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
91
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)
92
"Tennis racket"-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
93
Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs), pre-mortem clot
94
"Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenza)
95
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
96
"Tram-track" appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
97
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
98
"Waxy" casts with very low urine flow
Chronic end-stage renal disease
99
WBC casts in urine
Acute pyelonephritis
100
WBCs that look smudged
CLL (almost always B-cell)
101
"Wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
Lupus nephropathy
102
Yellowish CSF
Xanthochromia (eg due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

Boards High Yield (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions