Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards
1
Q
Anticentromere Ab
A
Scleroderma (CREST)
2
Q
Antidesmoglein (epithelial) Ab
A
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
3
Q
Anti-glomerular basement membrane Ab
A
Goodpasture’s syndrome (glomerulonephritis+hemopysis)
4
Q
Antihistone Ab
A
drug induced SLE (hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide)
5
Q
Anti-IgG Ab
A
Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflamm, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
6
Q
Antimitochondrial Ab (AMA)
A
1 biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)
7
Q
antineutrophil cytoplasmic Ab (ANCAs)
A
vasculitis (cANCA: Wegener’s; pANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg Strauss syndrome)
8
Q
Antinuclear Ab (ANA; anti-Smith or anti-dsDNA)
A
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
9
Q
Antiplatelet Ab
A
ITP: immune thrombocytopenic purpura
10
Q
Anti-topoisomerase Ab
A
diffuse systemic scleroderma
11
Q
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial Ab
A
Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, wt loss)
12
Q
Apple core lesions on ab x ray
A
colorectal cancer (usually on L)
13
Q
Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
A
Auer rods (AML, esp M3 type)
14
Q
Bacitraicin response
A
Sensitive: Group A Strep (pyogenes)
Resistant: Group B Strep (agalactiae)
15
Q
Bamboo spine on x ray
A
Ankylosing spondylitis (assoc with HLA-B27)
16
Q
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBC
A
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to asplenia)
17
Q
Basophilic stippling of RBC
A
Pb poisoning, or sideroblastic anemia
18
Q
Bloody tap on lumbar puncture
A
subarachnoid hemorrhage
19
Q
Boot shaped heart on xray
A
RVH (ex: Tetralogy of Fallot)
20
Q
Branching G+ rods with sulfur granules
A
Actinomyces israelii
21
Q
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor
A
pancoast tumor (can cause Horner’s)
22
Q
Brown tumor of bone
A
hyperPTH or osteitis fibrosa cystica
hemosiderin laden Macrophages cause brown color
23
Q
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
A
Chagas disease (T. cruzi)
24
Q
Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule
A
rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
25
Chocolate cysts of ovary
Endometriosis (bilateral)
26
Circular group of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
27
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic Fibrosis
| AR mutation to CFTR; get fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucus plugs
28
Decreased a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
chromosomal abnormality (ex: Down syndrome)
29
Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Tabes dorsalis (3 syphilis)
30
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson's disease
| basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia
31
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucus plugs)
32
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-thecal cell tumor of ovaries)
33
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells wth nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
34
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions
Owl's eye (CMV)
35
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
Orphan Annie eye nuclei (papillary CA of thyroid)
36
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver dz)
37
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy bodies (Parkinson's dz)
38
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
39
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)
40
Extracellular amyloid deposition in grey matter of brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer's dz)
41
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with promient inclusions (owls eye)
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
42
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
43
hair on end (crew cut) appearance on x ray
B-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
44
elevated hCG
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole
45
heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
46
Heterophile anitbodies
EBV-mononucleosis
47
Hexagonal, double pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma
| Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules
48
Hi level of D-dimers
DVT/PE; DIC
49
Hilar LAD, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (1 TB)
50
honeycomb lung on x ray
interstitial fibrosis
51
hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 or folate)
52
hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Fe deficient anemia, lead poison, thalassemia
53
Hi a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Dating error, neural tube defects
54
Hi uric acid levels
gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop+thiazide diuretics
55
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
type A Cowdry bodies (HSV or CMV)
56
Fe-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruuginous bodies (asbestosis: hi chance for mesothelioma)
57
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Cediak-Higaski disease (congenital failure of phagosome-lysosome fusion)
58
Lead pipe colon on x ray
Ulcerative Colitis (loss of haustra)
59
Linear deposits on glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Goodpasture's
| lines the GBM evenly, not clumped!
60
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson's dz (hepatolenticular degeneration)
61
Lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
PostStreptococcal glomerulonephritis (type III HS; IgG and C3b deposits)
62
Lytic (hole punched) bone lesions on x ray
Multiple myeloma
63
Mammary gland (blue-domed) cyst
Fibrocystic changes of the breast
64
monoclonal Ab spike
multiple myeloma (M spike; IgG or A)
MGUS (normal aging)
Waldenstrom's macroglobinemia (IgM)
Primary amyloidosis
65
Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine
Bence-Jones protein (multiple myeloma; kappa or lambda light chains in urine)
Waldenstrom's macroglobinemia (IgM)
66
Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
Signet ring (gastric CA); bilateral mets to ovaries (Krukenberg tumor)
67
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph
String sign (Crohn's disease)
68
Needle shaped, negative birefringent crystals
gout (MSU crystals)
69
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
70
Novobiocin response
Sensitive: Staph epidermidis
Resistant: Staph saprophyticus
71
Nutmeg liver
chronic passive congestion of liver (R CHF)
72
Onion skin periosteal reaction
Ewing's sarcoma
73
optochin response
Sensitive: Strep pneumo
Resistant: Viridans Strep
74
Periosteum raised from bone, creates triangular area
Codman's angle on xray (osteosarcoma usually)
75
Podocyte fusion on EM
Minimal change disease (nephrotic; kids)
76
Polished, ivory like appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation (OA resulting in bony sclerosis)
77
Prteoin aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
Neurofibrilary tangles (Alzheimer's dz)
Pick's bodies (Pick's disease)
78
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain bx
Glioblastoma multiforme
79
RBC cast in urine
acute glomerulonephritis
80
Rectangular, crystal like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
81
Renal epithelial casts in urine
Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
82
Rhomboid crystals, + birefringence
Pseudogout (Ca pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
83
Rib notching
Coarctation of aorta
84
Ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii
85
Sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells (starry sky appearance)
Burkitt lymphoma (t[8;14] c-myc activation, assoc with EBV; dark sky is malignant cells)
86
Silver staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (Pick's dz: progressive demetia, changes in personality)
87
Soap bubble in femur or tibia on x ray
giant cell tumor of bone (usu benign)
88
Spikes on GBM, dome like subepithelial deposits
Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nehprotic syndrome)
89
Stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation (multiple myeloma, hi ESR)
90
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
Clue cells (Gardnerella vaginalis)
91
Tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
92
Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus. layers of platelets/RBCs)
93
Thumb sign on lateral x ray
Epiglottitis (H. influenza)
94
Thyroid like appearance of kidney
chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
95
Tram track appearance on light microscopy
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
96
TG accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
97
smudged WBCs
CLL (B cell in elderly)
98
Wire loop glomerular appearance on light microscopy
Lupus nephropathy
99
Yellow CSF
Xanthochromia (previous subarachnoid hemorrhage)
