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USMLE Rapid Reviews > Classic Labs/Findings > Flashcards

Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

1
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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3
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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4
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

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5
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

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6
Q

antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

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7
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

vasculitis
c-ANCA: Wegener’s
p-ANAC: microscopic polyangiitis, churg-strauss syndrome

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8
Q

Antinuclear Antibodies (ANAs: anti-smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

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9
Q

Anti-platelet antibodies

A

Idopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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10
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac Disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)

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11
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

diffuse systemic scleroderma

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12
Q

“apple core” lesion on abdominal x-ray

A

colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

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13
Q

Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts

A

Aure rods

Acute Myelogenous leukemia (especially promyelocytic (M3)

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14
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A)
Resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)

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15
Q

Bamboo spine on x-ray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

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16
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

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17
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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18
Q

Bloody tap on LP

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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19
Q

“boot-shaped” heart on x-ray

A

tetralogy of ballot, RVH

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20
Q

Branching gram positivie rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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21
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts due to:

  1. Hyperparathyroidism
  2. Osteitis Fibrosa cystica
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22
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chaga’s Disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

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23
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule

A

Rapidly progressive cresentic glomerulonephritis

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24
Q

“Chocolate cyst” ovary

A

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

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25
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
26
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomoas in lung
Cystic fibrosis (AR mutation of CFTR resulting in fat-souble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
27
Decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abdnormality
28
depigmentation of neurons in substantita nigra
parkinson's disease | basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremors, and bradykinesia
29
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann's Spirlas | bronchial astma; can result in whorled mucous plug
30
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
31
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
32
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"owl eye" appearance of CMV
33
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
"orphan annie" eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
34
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)
35
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (parkinson's disease)
36
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
37
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplam of hippocampal nerve cells
Rabies Virus (lyssavirus)
38
Extracellular amyloid depositon in gray matter of brain
senile plaques (alzheimer's disease)
39
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions
Reed-sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
40
Glomerulus like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
41
"hair on end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray
Beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia
42
hCG elevated
Choriocarinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
43
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
44
heterophile antibodies
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
45
Heaxagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma (charcot-leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
46
High level of D-dimers
DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC
47
Hilar Lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon comples (primary TB: mycobacterium bacilli)
48
"Honeycomb lung" on x-ray
Interstitial fibrosis
49
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms folate deficiency: NO neurologic symptoms
50
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia
51
Increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
dating error (MC), anencephaly, spina bifid a (neural tube defects)
52
Increased uric acid levels
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
53
Intranuclear eosinophil droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
54
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)
55
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
56
"lead pipe" appearance of colon on x-ray
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
57
Linear appearance of glomeruli on immunofluoresence
goodpature's
58
Low serum ceruloplasmin
wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
59
"lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
poststreptococcal glomerulonephrtitis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)
60
Lytic (hole-punch) bone lesions on x-ray
Multiple myeloma
61
Mammary gland ("blue-domed") cyst
Fibrocystic change of the the breast
62
Monoclonal antibody spike
1. Multiple myeloma (called teh M protein; usually IgG or IgA) 2. Monoclonal gammaopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal consequence of aging) 3. Waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM) macroglbulinemia 4. Primary amyloidosis
63
Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine
Bence jones proteins (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine]), Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia (IgM)
64
Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
65
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph
"string sign" (Crohn's disease)
66
Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
67
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
68
Novobiocin response
Sensitive: staphylococcus epidermidis Resistant: staphylococcus saprophyticus
69
"nutmeg" appearance of liver
chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
70
"onion-skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
71
Optochin response
Sensitive: streptococcus pneumonia resistant: steptococcus viridans
72
Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman's triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
73
Podocyte fusion on EM
Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
74
Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
75
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
Neurfibrillary tangles (Alzheimers disease and CJD)
76
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiform
77
RBC casts in urine
Acute glomerulonephritis
78
Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reink crystals (Leydic cell tumor)
79
Renal epithelial casts in urine
Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
80
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)
81
Rib notching
coarctation of the aorat
82
Ring enhancing brain lesion in AIDs
Tosxoplasma gondii
83
Sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky")
Burkitt's Lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, asociated with EBV
84
Silvery-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
85
"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
86
"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome like" subendothelial deposits
Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
87
Stacks of red blood cells
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
88
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"Clue cells" Gardnerella vaginalis)
89
"tennis racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in langerhan cells
Bierbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
90
Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
91
"thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
Epiglottitis (Haemopilus influenzae)
92
Thyorid-like appearance of kidney
chronic bilateral pyelonephritis
93
"Tram-track" appearance on EM
membranoproloiferative glomerulonephritis
94
Triglyceride accumulation in lever cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic disease)
95
WBCs that look smuged
CLL (almost always B cell; affects the elderly)
96
"Wire loop" glomerular appearnce on LM
Lupus neropathy
97
yellow CSF
Xanthochomia (previous subarachnoid hemorrhage)

USMLE Rapid Reviews (6 decks)

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