1. Fibrocystic change 2. Carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

Key Associations Flashcards by Kyle C

Actinic keratosis

precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

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Acute gastric ulcers associated with CNS injury

cushing’s ulcer (inc ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretions)

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Acute gastric ulcers associated with severe burns

curling’s ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in a sloughing of gastric mucous)

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Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

skip lesions = crohn’s disease

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Aneurysm, dissecting

Hypertension

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Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

Atherosclerosis

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Aortic aneurysm, ascending

Marfan’s syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

Wernike’s encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, opthalmoplegia, and confusion)

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Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

sickle cell anemia (HbS)

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Bacteria associated with gastric, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

H. pylori

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Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

Neisseria meningitidis

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Bacterial meningitis (newborn and kids)

newborns - group B strep

kids - S. pneumonia/Neisseria meningitidis

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Benign melanocytic nevus

spitz nevus

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Bleeding dissorder with GpIb deficiency

Bernard-soulier disease (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand’s factor)

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Brain tumor (adults)

supratentorial: mets>astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiform) > meninginoma >schwannoma

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brain tumor (kids)

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
Supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)

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Breast cancer

infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the US, 1 in 9 women develop)

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Breast Mass

Fibrocystic change

2. Carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

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Breast tumor (benign)

Fibroadenoma

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Cardiac primary tumor (kids)

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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cardiac manifestation of lupus

libman-sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)

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cardiac tumors (adults)

metastasis

2. Primary myxoma (“ball and valve” 4:1 right to left atrium)

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Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus and syringomyelia)

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Chronic arrhythmia

Atrial Fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

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Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (an also cause pernicious anemia)

Clear cel adenocarcinoma of the vagina

DES exposure in utero

Compression fracture

Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal women; type II: elderly men and women)

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

21-hydroxylase deficiency

congenital cardiac anomaly

VSD

congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

Dubin-johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

constrictive pericarditis

Tuberculosis (developing world); systemic lupus erythematosus (developed world)

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

LAD > RCA > LCA

Cretinism

Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism

Cushing's syndrome

1. Corticosteroid therapy 2. Excessive ACTH secretion by pituitary 3. Small cell lung carcinoma

Cyanosis (early - less common)

Tetralogy of fallot, transpositon of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

cyanosis (late; more common)

VSD, ASD, PDA

Death in CML

Blast crisis

Death in SLE

Lupus Nephropathy

Dementia

1. Alzheimer's | 2. Multiple infarcts

Demyelinating disease in young women

multiple sclerosis

DIC

Gram-negative sepsis, obstetric complicaitons, cancer, burn trauma

dietary deficit

iron

diverticulum in pharynx

zenker's diverticulum (dx by barium swallow)

Ejection click

Aortic/pulmonic stenosis

Esophageal cancer

Squamous cell (world wide) ; adenocarcinoma (US)

food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

s. aureus ; b. cereus

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

Berger's disease

Gynecologic malignancy

Endometrial carcinoma (MC US) cervical carcinoma (MC World Wide)

Heart murmur, congenital

mitral valve prolapse

heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

Mitral (rhumatic fever), tircuspid (IV drug abuse), aortic (2nd affected in rheumatic fever)

Helmenth infection (US

1. Enterobius vermicularis | 2. Ascaris lumbricoides

Hematoma - epidural

rupture of MMA (trauma; lentiform shaped)

Hematoma - subdural

rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

Hemochromatosis

Multiple bood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, bronze diagetes, and increase risk for hepatocellular carcinoma)

Hepatocellular carcinoma

cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C)

Hereditary bleeding disorder

von Willebrand's disease

Hereditary harmless jaundice

Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

HLA B27

Ankylosing spondylitis Reiter's syndrome Ulcerative colitis Psoriasis

HLA DR3 of DR4

Diabetes Mellitus type I Rheumatoid Arthritis SLE

Holosystolic murmur

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis)

Hypertenison, 2ndary

renal disease

Hypoparathyroidism

accidental excision during thyroidectomy

Hypopituitarism

pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

Infection 2ndary to blood transfusion

Hep C

Infections in chronic granulomatous disease

Staph aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus

Kidney Stones

1. Calcium = radiopaque 2. Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease-positive organism such as Proteus vulgaris or staphylococcus) 3. Uric acid = radiolucent

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L-R becomes R-L)

Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)

Liver Disease

Alcoholic Cirrhosis

Lysosomal storage disease

Gaucher's Disease

Male Cancer

Prostatic carcinoma

Malignancy assocaiated with noninfectious fever

Hodgkin's lymphoma

Malignant skin tumor

Basal cell carcinoma (rarely mets)

Mental Retardation

1. Downs | 2. Fragile X

Metasteses to bone

breast, lung, thyroid, testes, porstate, kidney

Mets to brain

Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (RCC), GI

Mets to liver

Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and lung carcinoma

Mitochondrial inheritance

Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through female only

Mitral valve stenosis

Rheumatic heart disease

Mixed UMN and LMN diesease

ALS

Myocarditis

Coxsackie B

Key Associations Flashcards

(81 cards)