Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
Anticentromere antibodies
A
Scleroderma (CREST)
2
Q
Antidemoglein (epithelial) antibodies
A
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
3
Q
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
A
Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
4
Q
Antihistone antibodies
A
Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide)
5
Q
Anti-IgG antibodies
A
Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, jointpannus, boutonniere deformity)
6
Q
Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
A
Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
7
Q
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
A
Microscopic polyangiitis and Churge-Strauss syndrome (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA); granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/cANCA)
8
Q
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
A
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
9
Q
Antiplatelet antibodies
A
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
10
Q
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
A
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
11
Q
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
A
Celiac Disease
12
Q
“Apple Core” lesion on abdominal x-ray
A
Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
13
Q
Azurophilic peroxidase positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
A
Auer Rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)
14
Q
Bacitracin sensitive
A
Strep. Pyrogenes (Group A)
15
Q
Bacitracin resistant
A
Strep. Agalactiae (Group B)
16
Q
“Bamboo spine” on x-ray
A
Ankylosing spondylitis (Chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA:B27)
17
Q
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
A
Howell-Jolly Bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
18
Q
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
A
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
19
Q
Bloody tap on LP
A
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
20
Q
“Boot-shaped” heart on x-ray
A
Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
21
Q
Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules
A
Actinomyces Israelii
22
Q
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
A
Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner syndrome)
23
Q
“Brown” tumor of bone
A
Hyperparathyroidism or osteo fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
24
Q
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
A
Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
25
Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
26
"Chocolate cyst" of ovary
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
27
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
28
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic Fibrosis (Austosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene -> fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
29
Decrease alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
30
Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Tabes dorsalis (Tertiary Syphillis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticosinal tracts affected)
31
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
32
Desquimated qpithelium cast in sputum
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
33
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa theca cell tumor of the ovary)
34
Dysplastic squamous cerival cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cerival cancer)
35
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"Owl eyes" appearance of CMV
36
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
"Orphan Annie" eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
37
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic includion in liver cell
Mallory body (alcohol liver disease)
38
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (Parkinson disease)
39
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often tellow fever)
40
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells
Negri bodies of rabies
41
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques (alzheimer disease)
42
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions. "Owl's Eye"
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)
43
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
44
"Hair on end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray
B-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
45
hCG elevated
Choriocacinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)
46
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
47
Heterophile antibodies
Infectious Mononucleosis (EBV - Ebstein Barr-Virus)
48
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leybed crystals: eosinophilic granules)
49
High level of D-dimers
DVT, PE, DIC
50
Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle of lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (Primary TB: Mycobacerium bacilli)
51
"Honeycomb Lung" on x-ray or CT
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
52
Hypercoagulability (leading to micrating DVTs and vasculitis)
Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
53
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)
54
Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Conn syndrome
55
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)
56
Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neuro tube defects)
57
Increased uric acid levels
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, Tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
58
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
59
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increase chance of meothelioma)
60
Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
Squamous cell carcinoma
61
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi disease (congential failure of phagolysosome formation)
62
"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
63
Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane
Goodpasture syndrome
64
Low serum creuloplasmin
Wilson Disease (Hepatolenticular degeneration)
65
"Lumpy Bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on IF (immunoflourescence)
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)
66
Lytic (hole punched) bone lesions on x-ray
Multiple myeloma
67
Mammary gland ("blue domed") cyst
Fibrocysitc change of breast
68
Monoclonal antibody spike
- Multiple Myeloma (Usually IgG or IgA)
- Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging)
- Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
- Primary amyloidosis
69
Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
"Signet ring" (gastric cacinoma)
70
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barrum x-ray
"String sign" Crohn Disease
71
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) and Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
72
Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
73
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelsteil-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
74
Novobiocin Sensitive
Staph Epidermidis
75
Novobiocin Resistant
Staph Saphrophyticus
76
"Nutmeg" appearance of liver
Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure.
77
"Onion Skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
78
Optochin Resistant
Strep viridans
79
Optochin Sensitive
Strep peumonia
80
Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomylitis)
81
Podocyte fusion or "effacement" on EM (electron micrograph)
Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
82
Polished, "ivory-like appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
83
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein
Neurofibrillary tanges (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)
84
Psammoma bodies
Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
85
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
86
RBC casts in urine
Acute Glomerulonephritis
87
Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
88
Renal epithelial casts in urine
Acute toxic/viral renal injury
89
Rhombiod crustals, positively birefringent
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
90
Rib notching
Coarctation of the aorta
91
Ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
92
Sheets of medium-sized lympohid cells with scattered pale tingible body-laden macrophages "starry sky" histology
Burkitt lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; "black sky" made up of malignant cells
93
Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (Pick Disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
94
"Soap bubble in femur or tibia on x-ray
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
95
"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits
Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
96
Stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
97
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"Clue Cells" gardnerella vaginitis
98
"Tennis racket"-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM)
Birbeck granules in Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eiosinophilic granuloma
99
Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zhan (arterial thrombosis, layers of platelets/RBCs)
100
"Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
101
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
102
"Tram-track" appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on LM (light microscopy)
Membranoproligerative glomerulonephritis
103
Trigylceride accumulation in lever cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease (alcohol or metaolic syndrome)
104
"Waxy" casts in urine
Chronic end-stage renal disease
105
WBC
Acute pyelonephritis
106
WBCs that look "smudged
CLL (almost always B cell)
107
"Wire loop" glomerular capullary appearance on light microscopy
Lupus nephropathy
108
Yellowish CSF
Xanthochromia (e.g. due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)
