Key associations Flashcards
(132 cards)
1
Q
Actinic (solar) Keratosis
A
Precursor to squamous cell carninoma
2
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associate with CNS injury
A
Cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
3
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
A
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
4
Q
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
A
Skip lesions (Chron disease)
5
Q
Aneurysm, dissecting
A
Hypertension
6
Q
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descenting aorta
A
Atherosclerosis
7
Q
Aortic aneurysm, arch
A
Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction
8
Q
Arotic aneurysm, ascending
A
Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medical degeneration)
9
Q
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
A
Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, opthalmoplegia, and confusion)
10
Q
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
A
Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)
11
Q
Bacteria associate with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer
A
H. pylori
12
Q
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
A
Strep Penumonia
13
Q
Bacterial meningitis (mewborns and kids)
A
Group B Strep/E. coli (newborns),
Strep Pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids)
14
Q
Benign melaoncytic nevus
A
Spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades)
15
Q
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
A
Bernard-Soulier syndrome - defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor
16
Q
Brain tumor adults
A
“MGM Studios” - Metastatic, > Glioblastoma Multiforme, > Meningioma, > Schwannoma.
- All Supratentorial
17
Q
Brain tumor kids
A
“Animal Kingdom, Magic Kingdom, Epcot” - Astrocytoma, Meduloblastoma, Ependymoma. - Infratentorial
- Craniophryngioma - supratentorial
18
Q
Breast Cancer
A
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
19
Q
Breast Mass
A
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
20
Q
Breast tumor (benign)
A
Fibroadenoma
21
Q
Cardiac Primary Tumor
A
Metastasis Primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; ball and valve)
22
Q
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
A
Chiari II formation
23
Q
Chronic arrhythmia
A
Atrial Fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
24
Q
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
A
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
25
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
26
Compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman ; type II: elderly man or woman)
27
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
28
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
29
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
30
Constrictive pericarditis
TB (developing world); SLE (developed world)
31
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD > RCA > LCA
32
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
33
Cushing Syndrome
- Iatrogenic Cushing (from corticosteroid therapy)
- Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
- ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
- Paraneoplastic Cushing (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
34
Cyanosis (early, less common)
"T's"
- Tetrology of Fallot
- Transposition of the Great Vessels
- Truncus arteriosus
35
Cyanosis (late, more common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
36
Death in CML
Blast crisis
37
Death in SLE
Lupus Nephropathy
38
Dementia
Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts
39
Demylinating disease in young women
multiple sclerosis
40
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
41
Dietary deficit
Iron
42
Diverticulum in pharnyx
Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
43
Ejection click
Aortic/pulmonary stenosis
44
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide)
| Adenocarcinoma (US)
45
Food poisoning
S. Aureus or B. Cereus
46
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
47
Gynecologic malignancy
```
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US)
Cervical carcinoma (Most common worldwide)
```
48
Heart murmur, congenital
Mitral valve prolapse
49
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
50
Helminth infection (US)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
51
Hematoma - epidural
Rupture of the middle meningial aretery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
52
Hematoma - subdural
Rupture of the bridging veins (crescent shaped)
53
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes," and increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
54
Hepatocellular carcinoma
cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)
55
Hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand disease
56
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
57
HLA-B27
Ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis
58
HLA-DR3 or -DR4
Diabetes mellitus type I, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
59
Holosystolic Murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
60
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood loss
Virchow triad (results in venous thrombosis)
61
Hypertension, secondary
Renal Disease
62
Hypoparathyroidism
accidental excision during thyroidectomy
63
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
64
Infection secondary to blood transfusion
Hepatitis C
65
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase +)
66
Intellecutal disability
Down Syndrome, fragile X syndrome
67
Kidney stones
- Calcium = radiopaque
- Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease + organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphlococcus
- Uric acid = radiolucent
68
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)
Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by VSD, ASD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
69
Liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
70
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher disease
71
Male Cancer
Prostatic carcinoma
72
Malignancy associate with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
73
Malignancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
74
Metastases to bone
Prostate & breast > lung > thyroid
75
Metastases to brain
Lung > breast > genitourinary > melanoma > GI
76
Metasatses to liver
Colon >> stomach, pancreas
77
Mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through mother only
78
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
79
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
80
Myocarditis
Coxackie B
81
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
82
Nephrotic syndreom (kids)
Minimal change disease
83
Neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
84
Nosocomial pneumonia
Klebsiella, E. Coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
85
Obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
86
Opening snap
mitral stenosis
87
opportunistic infection in AIDS
pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
88
Osteomyelitis (most common)
S. aureus
89
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
90
Osteomyelitis in IV drug use
S. aureus + Pseudomonas
91
Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
92
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
93
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
serous cystadenocarcinoma
94
Pancreatitis (acute)
Gallstones, alcohol
95
Pancreatitis (chronic)
```
Alcohol (adults)
Cystic Fibrosis (kids)
```
96
Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
ALL: child
CLL: adult > 60
AML: adult ~65
CML: adult 30-60
97
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Chlamydia trachomatis, Nisseria gonorrhoeae
98
Philadelphia chrmosome
t(9;22) (bcr-abl) - CML (sometimes ALL/AML)
99
Pituitary Tumor
Prolactinoma, somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
100
Primary amenorrhea
turner syndrome (45 X,O)
101
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Multiple Myeloma
102
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
103
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
104
Primary liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency)
105
Pulmonary HTN
COPD
106
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
107
Renal Tumor
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
108
Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
109
S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
Increased ventricular filling (left to right shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])
110
S4 (presystolic gallop)
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
111
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
112
Sexually transmitted disease
Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)
113
SIADH
small cell carcinoma of the lung
114
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
115
Sites of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
116
Stomach cancer
adenocarcinoma
117
Somach ulcerations and high gastin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas
118
t(14;18)
Follicular Lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
119
t(8;14)
Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc activation)
120
t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
121
Temoporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rhematica
122
Testicular tumor
seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)
123
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
124
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
125
Tumor of infancy
Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
126
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
127
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
128
Type of Hodgkin
Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
129
Type of Non-Hodgkin
Diffuse large cell
130
UTI
E. Coli, Staphylcoccus saphrophyticus (young women)
131
Viral enchephalitis affection temporal lobe
HSV-1
132
Vitamin Deficiency (US)
Folate (pregnancy womena are at high risk)
| - body only stores 3-4 months supply; prevents neural tube defects
