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High-Yeld Step 1 > Classic Labs/Findings > Flashcards

Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

(117 cards)

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1
Q

> AFP in amniotic fluid / maternal serum

A

Dating error
Anencephaly
Spina bifida

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2
Q

Anti centromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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3
Q

Anti desmoglein (anti desmosome) antibodies

A

Pemphigous Vulgaris (blistering)

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4
Q

Anti histone antibodies

4

A

Drug induced SLE

  • hydralazine
  • isoniazid
  • phenytoin
  • procainamide
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5
Q

Anti IgG antibodies

Systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonnière deformity

A

Rheumathoid arthritis

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6
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

PTI

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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7
Q

Anti-Topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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8
Q

Antibodies CELIAC DISEASE

3

A

Anti-gliadin
Anti-endomysial
Anti-transglutaminase

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9
Q

“Apple core” lesion on barium enema x-ray

A

Colorectal cancer (usually left side)

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10
Q

Atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV

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11
Q

“Bamboo spine” on x-ray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis
(Chronic inflammatory arthritis)

HLA-B27

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12
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies

-> splenectomy o no fx spleen

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13
Q

Basophilic stppling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning of Sideroblastic anemia

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14
Q

Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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15
Q

Branching gram+ rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces Israelii

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16
Q

⬇️ AFP in amniotic fluid/ maternal serum

A

Down Syndrome

Edwards Syndome

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17
Q

Large granules in phagocytes, inmunodeficiency

A

Chédiak-Higashi disease

🤐 congenital failure of phagolysosome formation

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18
Q

Recurrent infections , eczema, trombocytopenia

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

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19
Q

Optochin sensitivity

A

Sensitive: S pneumoniae

Resistant: S viridians S sanguis

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20
Q

Novobiocin response

A

Sensitivity: S epidermidis

Resistant: S saprophyticus

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21
Q

Streptococcus Bovis bacteremia —> Ca

A

COLON CANCER

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22
Q

Branching gram ➕ rods with SULFUR GRANULES

A

Actinomyces israelii

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23
Q

Hiliar lymphadenopathy

Peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobe ( can ca+)

A

Ghon Complex

1* TB ( M bacilli)

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24
Q

“Thumb sign” on lateral neck x-ray

A

EPIGLOTITIS ( Haemophilus Influenzae)

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25
Bacteria-covered vaginal epithelial cells
"Clue cells" (Gardnerella Vaginalis)
26
CARDIOMEGALY w/ apical atrophy
Chagas' disease. (Trypanosoma cruzi)
27
Atypical lymphocytes
EBV
28
Enlarged cells with intraNuclear Inclusion Bodies
"Owl eye" appearance of CMV
29
Heterophile antibodies
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
30
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV o VZV)
31
Eosinophilic gloube in Liver --> hepatocyte Apoptosis
Councilman body | Viral hepatitis, yellow fever
32
"Steeple" sign on frontal CXR ⛪️ -campanario-
CROUP ( parainfluenza virus)
33
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampus and cerebellar neurons
NEGRI bodies of rabies
34
Ring-enhancing brain lesion on CT/MRI in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii | CNS lymphoma
35
Psammoma bodies | Cancer...
Meningiomas Papillary thyroid carcinoma Mesothelioma Papillary serous Ca endometrium/ovary
36
"Delta wave" ECG Short P-R interval Supra ventricular tachycardia
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome | Bundle of Kent bypasses AV node
37
👢boot shaped --> ❤️ on X-ray
Tetralogy of Fallot | Due to RVH
38
Rib notching | Inferior surface x-ray
Coarctation of the aorta
39
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
ASCHOFF BODIES | rheumatic fever
40
Electrical alternans | Alternating AMPLITUDE ECG
Cardiac Taponade
41
ANCA | Anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies
Microscopic polyangeitis & eosinophilic granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis ➡️ (MPO-ANCA / p-ANCA) Granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis ➡️ (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/ c-ANCA) Primary sclerosing Cholangitis ➡️ (MPO-ANCA / p-ANCA)
42
HTA ⬇️ K+ Metabolic Alkalosis
1* HyperAldosteronism (Conn syndrome)
43
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei w/ central clearing
"Orphan Annie" eyes nuclei 👁👧🏼 PAPILLARY carcinoma of the thyroid
44
Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
"Signet ring" 💍 gastric carcinoma
45
Celiac disease | Antibodies x3
Anti-Transglutaminase Anti-Gliadin Anti-Endomysial
46
"String sign" on barium x-ray | signo de la cuerda
Crohn disease | Narrowing of bowel Lumen
47
"Lead pipe" colon on abd imaging | Tubo de plomo
Ulcerative colitis | Loss of haustra
48
Thousands of polyps on colonoscopy
Familial adenomatous polyposis AD Mutation of APC gene
49
"Apple core" lesion on barium enema x-ray
Colorectal cancer | Usually left-sided
50
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
*Mallory body* | OH- alcoholic liver disease
51
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease | Alcoholic or metabolic syndrome
52
"Nutmeg" appearance of liver | Higado en nuez moscada
Chronic passive congestion of liver due to - right heart failure - Budd-Chiari syndrome
53
AMAs | Anti mitochondrial antibodies
1* biliary Cholangitis | Female-cholestasis-portal hypertension
54
⬇️ serum Cerurloplasmin
Wilson disease Hepatocelular degeneration Kaiser-Fleisher rings due to Cu+ accumulation
55
Migratory thrombophlebitis | Leading to migrating DVT & vasculitis
Trousseau syndrome | AdenoCa Pancreas or Lung
56
"Hair on end" ("crew-cut") x ray skull 💀
B- thalassemia | Sickle cell disease (marrow expansion)
57
Hypersegmented neutrophils
MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA B12 deficiency --> neurological symptoms Folate deficiency --> no neuro symptoms
58
Antiplatelet antibodies
PTI | Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
59
⬆️⬆️ D-dimers
DVT PE DIC
60
Giant B cells with bi-lobed nuclei w/ prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
Reed-Sternberg cells | HODGKING LYMPHOMA
61
Lytic ("punched-out") bone lesions on x-ray
Multiple Myeloma
62
Monoclonal antibody spike
Multiple myeloma (IgG or IgA) Monoclonal gammopathy of undeterminated significance (MGUS) ~aging~ Waldenström ( M protein=IgM) macroglobulinemia Primary Amyloidosis
63
Stacks of RBC | Rouleaux formation
High ESR | Multiple myeloma
64
Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells w/ scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages "starry sky" histology
Burkitt lymphoma t[8:14]. C-Myc activation Asoc. EBV "Starry sky" malignant cells
65
Azurophilic peroxidase + granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblast
Auer rods (AML - promyelocitic M3 type-)
66
WBCs that look "smudged"
CLL (almost always B cell)
67
🎾 tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells)
Birbeck granules (Langerhans cells histicytosis)
68
"Brown" tumor bone
Hyperparathyroidism Or Osteitis fibrosa cystica (Deposited hemosiderin form hemorrhage)
69
"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray
Giant cell tumor of bone ( generally benign)
70
Raised periosteum | Creating a "Codman triangle"
Aggressive bone lesion | .. Osteosarcoma... Ewing sarcoma ... Osteomyelitis..
71
"Onion skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing sarcoma | Malignant small blue cell tumor
72
Anti-IgG antibodies
Rheumatoid arthritis - systemic inflammation - joint pannus - boutonnière - swan neck deformities
73
Rheumatology Rhomboid crystals + birefringent
Pseudogout | Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals
74
Rheumatology Needle-shaped - birefringent crystals
Gout | monosodium urate crystals
75
⬆️ Uric Acid | 4
Gout Lesch-Nyhan syndrome Tumor lysis syndrome Loop & thiazide diuretics
76
"Bamboo spine" on x-ray
Ankylosing spondylitis HLA-B27 Chronic inflammatory arthritis
77
Antinuclear antibodies | ANAs: anti-Smith & anti-dsDNA
SLE ( type III hypersensitivity)
78
Anti-histone antibodies
Drug-induced SLE Hydralazine Isoniazid Phenytoin Procainamide
79
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
Diffuse scleroderma
80
Keratin pears on a skin biopsy
Squamous cell carcinoma
81
Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture
Xantochromia--> subarachnoid hemorrhage
82
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in neuron
Lewy body - Parkinson disease - Lewy body dementia
83
Extra cellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)
84
Depigmentation of neurons in SUBSTANTIA NIGRA
Parkinson disease | Rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia
85
Protein aggregates in neurons form hyper phosphorylation of Tau protein
``` Neurofibrillary tangles ( Alzheimer's disease) Pick bodies ( Pick disease) ```
86
Silver-staining spherical aggregation of Tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies | Pick disease: progressive dementia & changes in personality
87
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma Multiforme
88
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes | Neuroblastoma, Medulloblastoma
89
"Waxy" casts with very low urine flow
Chronic end-stage renal disease
90
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelsteil-Wilson nodules | DBT Nephropathy-
91
Podocyte fusion or "effacement" on electron microscopy
Minimal change disease (child w/ nephrotic syndrome)
92
"Spikes" on basement membrane, | "dome-like" subepithelial deposits
Membranous Nephropathy | Nephrotic syndrome
93
RBC. casts in urine
Glomerulonephritis
94
"TRAM-TRACK" 🚊 appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
Membranoproliferative glomerulinephritis
95
Anti -GBM glomerular basement membrane antibodies
Goodpasture syndrome | - glomerulinephritis & hemoptysis
96
Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule
Rapidly progressive (crescentric) glomerulonephritis
97
"Wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy..
Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (usually LUPUS)
98
Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes
GOODPASTURE SYNDROME
99
"Lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on inmunofluorescence
PostStreptococcal glomerulonephritis | Deposition of IgG, IgM and C3
100
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) & Necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis --> Wegener; PR3-ANCA/ c-ANCA GOODPASTURE syndrome --> anti-basement membrane antibodies
101
Thyroid-like appearance of Kidney
Chronic pyelonephritis (recurrent infections)
102
WBC cast in urine
Acute Pyelonephritis
103
Renal epithelial casts in urine
Intrinsic renal failure
104
hCG ⬆️
Choriocarcinoma Hydatidiform mole
105
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with "raisinoid" nuclei and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes | HPV-->> risk cervical cancer
106
Disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)
107
"Chocolate cyst" of the ovary 🍫
ENDOMETRIOSIS ( freq involves both ovaries)
108
Mammary gland ("blue domed") cyst
Fibrocystic change of the breast
109
Glomerulus-like structures surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
110
Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumors)
111
Thrombi made of withe/red layers
Lines of Zahn | -> arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBC
112
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like, crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma | Charcot-Leyden crystals ; eosinophilic granules
113
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma --> can result in whorled mucous plugs)
114
"Honeycomb lung" on x-ray or CT
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
115
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic Fibrosis AR mut CFTR gene Fat-soluble Vit def and mucous plugs
116
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies | Asbestosis - risk lung cancer
117
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor
Pancoast tumor If compress cervical sympathetic chain -> Horner syndrome

High-Yeld Step 1 (6 decks)

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