Classic Presentations Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
Abdominal pain, Ascites & Hepatomegaly
A
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Post hepatic venous thrombosis
2
Q
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea. —–> recent ATB use
Leucocytosis
A
Clostridium difficile
3
Q
Achilles’ tendon xanthoma
A
Familial hypercholesterolemia
⬇️ LDL Receptor signaling
4
Q
Adrenal hemorrhage
hTA
DIC
A
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
meningococcemia
5
Q
Blood Transfusion —-> ANAPHILAXIS
….?
A
IgA deficiency
6
Q
# Arachnodactyly Lens dislocation (upward) Aortic dissection Hyper flexible joints
A
MARFAN SYNDROME
fibrillin defect
7
Q
Athlete with polycythemia
A
2* to EPO injection
8
Q
Back pain
Fever
Night sweats
A
Pott disease
Vertebral TB
9
Q
Bilateral acoustic schwannomas
A
Neurofibromatosis type 2
10
Q
Bilateral Hiliar Adenopathy | uveitis
A
Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
11
Q
# Black eschar on face
… In DBT w/ ketoacidosis
A
Mucor or Rhizopus fungal infection
12
Q
Blue sclera
A
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Defect —> type I collagen
13
Q
Bluish line on gingiva
A
Burton line (lead poisoning)
14
Q
Bone pain
Bone enlargement
Arthritis
A
Paget disease of the bone
+ active osteo blasts y clastos
15
Q
# Bounding pulses WIDE pulse pressure Diastolic heart MURMUR Head BOBBING
A
Aortic Regurgitation
16
Q
- young female
“Butterfly” facial rash
Raynaud phenomenon
A
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOUS
17
Q
# Café-Abu-lait spots Lisch nodules ( iris hamartoma) Pheochromocytomas Optic Gliomas Cutaneous neurofibromas
A
Neurofibromatosis type I
18
Q
# Cervical lymphadenopathy Desquamating rash Coronary aneurysms RED CONJUNCTIVAE AND TONGUE Hand-Foot changes
A
—> KAWASAKI DISEASE
Tx: IVIG and AAS
19
Q
“Cherry-Red Spots” on macula
A
- Tay Sachs (ganglioside accumulation)
- Niemann-Pick ( sphingomyelin accumulation)
➡️ central retinal artery occlusion
20
Q
Chest pain on exertion
A
Angina
- stable: moderate exertion
- unstable: minimal exertion or rest
21
Q
Chest pain
Pericardial effusion/friction rub
Persistent fever following MI
A
DRESSLER SYNDROME
Autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous PERICARDITIS
22
Q
Child use arms to stand up from squat
A
-> Growers sign
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
23
Q
Child with fever ….> red rush on face that spreads to body
A
Erythema infectiosum
5th disease
“Slapped cheeks” —–> parvovirus B19
24
Q
Chorea
Dementia
CAUDATE DEGENERATION
A
Huntington disease
AD
CAG CAG CAG
CAG-AD
25
#
ChorioRetinitis
HYDROCEPHALUS
Intracranial Ca+
CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS
26
Chronic exercise intolerance
Myalgia - Fatigue -painful cramps- myoglobinuria
McAldre disease
| Skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency
27
Cold intolerance
Weight gain
Brittle hair
hipothyroidism
28
Continuous "machine-like" heart murmur
PDA
Close w/ INDOMETHACIN
Keep open w/ PGE analogs
29
#
- cutaneous flushing
- diarrhea
- bronchospasm
— CARCINOID SYNDROME —
+ 5-HIAA
30
AIDS
-- Dark Purple skin/mouth nodules
KAPOSI SARCOMA
HHV-8
31
Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
DBT KETOACIDOSIS
Kussmaul respirations
32
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Edema
OH' or malnutrition
Wet BERI BERI
thiamine [vit B1] deficiency
33
Dog or Cat bite .... 🐕🐈
Infection by...
Pasteurella multocida
Cellulitis at inoculation
34
#
DRY EYES
DRY MOUTH
ARTHRITIS
Sjögren syndrome
---> autoimmune destruction of EXOCRINE GLANDS!
35
Dysphagia ( esophageal webs)
Glossitis
iron deficiency
anemia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
..¡might progress to esophageal squamous cell ca !
36
#
Elastic skin
Hypermobility of joints
++ bleeding tendency
Ehler-Danlos syndrome
Defect/
- Type V collagen
- type III —vascular type ED
37
Episodic vertigo
Tinnitus
hearing loss
Meniere disease
38
```
#
Erythroderma
Lymphadenopathy
Hepatosplenomegaly
ATYPICAL T CELLS
```
pautier microabscesses
~ Mycosis fungoides ( cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)
~ Sézary ( Mycosis fungoides + malignant T-cells in blood)
39
4 f
Cholelithiasis (gallstones)
Fat
Female
Forty
Fertile
40
```
#
Fever
Chills
Headache
Myalgia
...--> Tx for Syphilis
```
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
| Rapid lysis of Spirochetes--> endotoxin release
41
B symptoms of Lymphoma
Fever
Night sweats
Weight loss
42
Copper accumulation
---> golden brown rings around peripheral cornea
Wilson disease
--> Kayser-Fleischer rings
43
#
Gout
Intellectual disability
Self-mutilating
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
X-linked, recessive
HGPRT deficiency
44
```
Hepatosplenomegaly
pancytopenia
Osteoporosis
Bone crises
Avascular necrosis of femoral head
```
GAUCHER disease
Glucocerebrocidase deficiency
45
Hamartomatous GI polyps
| Hiperpigmentation : mouth feet hands genitalia
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited)
Benign polyps - obstruction!
Can -> CANCER!
46
Heredirary nephritis
Sensorineural hearing loss
Cataracts/ lens dislocation
Alport syndrome
--> mutation in Collagen IV
47
Hyperphagia
HyperSex
HyperDoctility
HyperOral
Klüver-Bucy syndrome
| Bilateral AMIGDALA lesion
48
HypeRreflexia
HyperTonia
Babinski +
UNM damage
49
hypoRreflexia
hypoTonia
atrophy
fasciculations
LMN damage
50
Hypodermic, polycythemia, hypercapnia
Chronic Bronchitis
"Blue Bloater"
Hyperplasia of mucous cell
51
Indurated, Ulcerated genital lesions
Nonpainful
Painful
NON pain: Chancre 1* syphilis
PAINFUL, exudate : chancroid ( h.ducreyi)
52
```
Infant
Cleft lip/palate
microcephaly or holoprocencephaly
Polydactyly
Cutis aplasia
```
PATAU SYNDROME
| Trisomy 13
53
Infant
hypoglycemia Hepatomegalia
Cori disease (debranching enzyme def)
Von Gierke disease (glu-6-phosphate def) +severe
54
Infant with microcephaly
Rocker-bottom feet
Clenched hands
Structural heart defect
Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)
55
Jaundice
| Palpable distended non-tender gallbladder
Courvoisier sign
| distal malignant obstruction of biliary tree
56
Large rash with bull's-eye appearance 🐮🐂
Erythema chronicum migrans from IXODES tick bite
Lyme disease: Borrelia
57
"Lucid Interval" after TX brain injury
Epidural Hematoma
| Middle meaning earl artery rupture
58
Male child
Recurrent Infections
No mature B cells
Burton disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
59
Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
Glanzmann thrombasthenia
Defect in platelet aggregation -- lack of Gp IIb/IIIa
60
Muffled heart sounds
Distended neck veins
hypotension
Beck Triad ---> Cardiac Tamponade
61
Multiple colon polyps
Osteomas/soft tissue tumors
Impacted/supernumerary teeth
Gardner syndrome
| Subtype of FAP
62
Myopathy (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)
| Exercise intolerance
Pompe disease
| Lysosomal æ-1,4-glucosidase def
63
Postpartum
... No lactation
... Absent menstruation
... Cold intolerance
Sheehan syndrome
| Pituitary Infarction
64
Painful fingers/toes chanching color
COLD OR STRESS
Blue-->white-->Red
Raynaud phenomenon
65
Painful, Raised Red lesions on pads of fingers/toes
Osler nodes
--> infective endocarditis (immune complex deposition)
66
Painless Erythematous lesions on palms and soles
Janeway lesions
| Infective Endocarditis, Septic emboli/microabscesses
67
Painless jaundice
Cancer of the pancreatic head.
68
Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs
Joint pain
Abdominal pain (child)
Hematuria
Henoch-Schönlein
| IgA vasculitis affecting skin & kidneys
69
MEN 1
Pancreatic
Pituitary
Parathyroid
AD
70
Periorbital and/or peripheral edema
Proteinuria >3.5g/day
hypoalbuminemia
HyperCholesterolemia
Nephrotic syndrome
71
"Pink complexion"
Dyspnea
Hyperventilation
Emphysema
"Pink puffer"
- CENTRIacinar [smoking]
- PANacinar [æ1-antitrypsin deficiency]
72
```
Polyuria
Renal tubular Acidosis type II
Growth failure
Electrolyte imbalances
hypoPhosphatemic rickets
```
Fanconi syndrome
| Dysfx proximal convoluted tubule
73
6 "p" of LICHEN PLANUS
Pruritic Purple Polygonal Planar Papules & Plaques
74
Ptosis
Miosis
Anhidrosis
Horner syndrome
| Sympathetic chain lesion
75
Pupil accommodates but doesn't react
Neurosyphilis ( Argill Robertson pupil)
76
Rapidly progressive limb weakness that ASCENDS
... Following GI/Respiratory Infection
Guillain-Barré syndrome
ACUTE INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING POLYRADICULOPATHY
77
Rash on Palms & Soles
3
Coxsackie A
2* Syphilis
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
78
Red "currant jelly" sputum in Oh or DBT
Klebsiella pneumoniae PNEUMONIA
79
Red "currant jelly" stools
Acute mesenteric ischemia (adults)
Intussusception (children)
80
Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
Pages disease of the Breast (sign of underlying neoplasm)
81
Red urine in the morning
| Fragile RBCs
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
82
Von Hippel-Lindeau disease ( dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)
Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral)
Hemangioblastomas
Angiomatosis
Pheochromocytoma
83
```
Resting tremor
Rigidity
Akinesia
Postural instability
Shuffling gait
```
Parkinson's disease
| Loss of DOPAMINERGIC neurons in SUBSTANTIA NIGRA COMPACTA
84
Retinal hemorrhages with pale center
Roth Spots
| BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS
85
Severe jaundice in neonate
| Congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Crigler-Najjar syndrome
86
Severe RLQ pain with palpating of LLQ
Severe RLQ pain with deep tenderness
Rovsing sign --> Acute Apex
McBurney sign --> Acute Apex
87
```
Short stature
Café au lait spots
Thumb/Radial defects
+incidence of tumors/leukemia
Aplastic anemia
```
Fanconi Anemia
Loss of DNA crosslink repair
--> AML
88
Single palmar crease
Down syndrome
89
Situs inversus
Chronic sinusitis
Bronchiectasis
Infertility
Kartagener syndrome
| DYNEIN ARM DEFECT AFFECTING CILIA
90
Slow, Progressive muscle weakness in boys
Becker muscular dystrophy
| X-linked missense mutation in DYSTROPHIN
91
Small irregular red sports on bucal/lingual mucosa with blue-withe centers
Koplik spots ( measles-rubeola- virus)
92
Smooth, moist, painless, WART-LIKE lesions on genitals
Condylomata lata (2* Syphilis)
93
Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
Bacterial Endocarditis
94
"Strawberry tongue"
| 2
Scarlet fever
| Kawasaki disease
95
```
Streak ovaries
Congenital HEART disease
HORSESHOE KIDNEY
Cystic Hygroma at birth
Short stature
WEBBED NECK
Lymph edema
```
Turner Syndrome (45, X0)
96
Swollen gums
Mucosal bleeding
Poor wound healing
Petechiae
Scurvy
Vit C deficiency
Can't hydroxilate PROLINE/LYSINE for collagen synthesis
97
Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
Aortic Stenosis
98
```
Telangiectasias
Recurrent epistaxis
Skin decoloration
A-V malformation
GI bleeding
Hematuria
```
Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome
99
MEN 2A
AD - mutation RET
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Pheochromocytoma
100
MEN 2B
AD - mutation RET
Thyroid
Pheochromocytoma
Ganglioneuromatosis
101
Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
Babinski sign (UNM lesion)
102
[ Urethritis, Conjunctivitis, Arthritis ] male
Reactive Arthritis ~ HLA-B27
103
Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain) on the face
Nevus flammeus
| Benign but assoc. w/ Struge-Weber syndrome
104
Vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations
Mallory-Weiss syndrome (Oh- & bulimic )
105
```
Weight loss
Diarrhea
Arthritis
Fever
Adenopathy
```
Whipple disease (Tropheryma whippeli)
106
Worst headache of my life..
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
107
```
Café-au-lait spots (UNIlateral)
Polyostotic fibrous
Dysplasia
Precocious puberty
Multiple endocrine abnormalities
```
McCune-Albright syndrome
Gš-protein activating mutation
108
```
Recurrent cold
(non inflamed) abscesses
Eczema
⬆️⬆️ HIGH SERUM IgE
⬆️⬆️ EOSINOPHILS
```
Hyper-IgE syndrome
JOB SYNDROME (neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)
109
Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash.
Measles (Sarampion)
110
Chest pain + ST depressions
Angina ( ➖ troponins)
NSTEMI (➕ troponins)
111
Skin hyperpigmentation
hTA
Fatigue
1* adrenocortical insufficiency -> ⬆️ ACTH, ⬆️ æ-MSH
| (eg, Addison)
112
Cutaneous/dermal edema due to deposition of mucopolysaccharides in connective tissue
MYXEDEMA ( hipothyroidism, Graves {peritibial})
113
Enlarged Hard left SUPRAclavicular node
Virchow node (abdominal metastasis)
114
Painful blue fingers/toes
| Hemolytic anemia
Cold agglutinin disease
autoimmune hemolytic anemia ->
mycoplasma pneumoniae
Infectious mononucleosis
CLL
115
WBC that look "smudged"
CLL
116
Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth
| Arm in "waiter's tip" position
Erb-Duchenne plays
| Superior trunk C5/C6 brachial plexus injury
117
Anterior drawer sign +
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
118
Swollen, Hard, painful finger joints in an elderly
| Pain worse w/ activity
OSTEOARTHRITIS
Osteophytes - PIP [Bouchard nodes]
- DIP [Heberden nodes]
119
Anti-desmoglein (anti-desmosome) antibodies
```
Pemphigus Vulgaris
#Blistering
```
120
Nystagmus
Intention tremor
Scanning SPEACH
Bilateral inter nuclear ophthalmoplegia
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
121
Von Hipple Lindau
| 4
Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral)
Hemangioblastomas
Angiomatosis
Pheochromocytoma
