Classic/Relevant Treatments Flashcards by Daniel Fabian

Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

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Neisseria meningitidis

Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)

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Clostridium botulinum

Antitoxin

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Clostridium tetani

Antitoxin

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Staphylococcus aureus

MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (antistaphylococcal penicillins);
MRSA: vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline

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Streptococcus pyogenes

Penicillin prophylaxis

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Streptococcus pneumoniae

Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia),

vancomycin (meningitis)

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Streptococcus bovis

Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if

linked to endocarditis

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Enterococci

Vancomycin, aminopenicillins/cephalosporins

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Haemophilus influenzae (B)

Amoxicillin ± clavulanate (mucosal infections),

ceftriaxone (meningitis), rifampin (prophylaxis)

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Legionella pneumophila

Macrolides (eg, azithromycin)

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Piperacillin/tazobactam, aminoglycosides, carbapenems

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Treponema pallidum

Penicillin G

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Chlamydia trachomatis

Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection),
oral erythromycin to treat chlamydial conjunctivitis in
infants

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Rickettsia rickettsii

Doxycycline, chloramphenicol

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Candida albicans

Topical azoles (vaginitis); nystatin, fluconazole,
caspofungin (oral/esophageal); fluconazole,
caspofungin, amphotericin B (systemic)

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Cryptococcus neoformans

Induction with amphotericin B and flucytosine,

maintenance with fluconazole (in AIDS patients)

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Sporothrix schenckii

Itraconazole, oral potassium iodide

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Pneumocystis jirovecii

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis and treatment in

immunosuppressed patients, CD4 < 200/mm3)

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Toxoplasma gondii

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

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Malaria

Chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (for

blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)

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Trichomonas vaginalis

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

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Influenza

Oseltamivir, zanamivir

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CMV

Ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

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Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent | C trachomatis)

Clostridium difficile

Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)

UTI prophylaxis

TMP-SMX

Chronic hepatitis B or C

IFN-α (HBV and HCV); ribavirin, simeprevir, sofosbuvir | HCV

Patent ductus arteriosus

Close with indomethacin; keep open with PGE analogs

Stable angina

Sublingual nitroglycerin

Hypercholesterolemia

Statin (first-line)

Buerger disease

Smoking cessation

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)

Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids

Kawasaki disease

IVIG, high-dose aspirin

Temporal arteritis

High-dose steroids

Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine)

Pheochromocytoma

α-antagonists (eg, phenoxybenzamine)

Prolactinoma

Cabergoline/bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)

Diabetes insipidus

Desmopressin (central); hydrochlorothiazide, | indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)

SIADH

Fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, conivaptan/ | tolvaptan, demeclocycline

Diabetes mellitus type 1

``` Dietary intervention (low carbohydrate) + insulin replacement ```

Diabetes mellitus type 2

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if | refractory)

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Fluids, insulin, K+

Carcinoid syndrome

Octreotide

Crohn disease

Corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine

Ulcerative colitis

5-ASA preparations (eg, mesalamine), 6-mercaptopurine, | infliximab, colectomy

Hypertriglyceridemia

Fibrate

Sickle cell disease

Hydroxyurea (increases fetal hemoglobin)

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

Imatinib

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

All-trans retinoic acid

Drug of choice for anticoagulation during pregnancy

Heparin

Heparin reversal

Protamine sulfate

Immediate anticoagulation

Heparin

Warfarin reversal

Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (non-acute)

Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

Mesna

HER2/neu ⊕ breast cancer

Trastuzumab

Osteoporosis

Calcium/vitamin D supplementation (prophylaxis); bisphosphonates, PTH analogs, SERMs, calcitonin, denosumab (treatment)

Osteomalacia/rickets

Vitamin D supplementation

Chronic gout

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (eg, allopurinol, febuxostat); | pegloticase; probenecid

Acute gout attack

NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoids

Neural tube defect prevention

Prenatal folic acid

Migraine

Abortive therapies (eg, sumatriptan, NSAIDs); | Prophylaxis eg, propranolol, topiramate, CCBs, amitriptyline

Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)z

Carbamazepine

Multiple sclerosis

Disease-modifying therapies (eg, β-interferon, | natalizumab); for acute flares, use IV steroids

Tonic-clonic seizures

Levetiracetam, phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

Absence seizures

Ethosuximide

Malignant hyperthermia

Dantrolene

Anorexia

Nutrition, psychotherapy, mirtazapine

Bulimia nervosa

SSRIs

Alcoholism

Disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, supportive care

ADHD

Methylphenidate, amphetamines, CBT, atomoxetine, | guanfacine, clonidine

Alcohol withdrawal

Long-acting benzodiazepines

Bipolar disorder

Mood stabilizers (eg, lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine), atypical antipsychotics

Depression

SSRIs (first-line)

Generalized anxiety disorder

SSRIs, SNRIs (first line); buspirone (second line)

Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

Typical and atypical antipsychotics

Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

Atypical antipsychotics

Hyperaldosteronism

Spironolactone

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

α1-antagonists, 5α-reductase inhibitors, PDE-5 inhibitors

Infertility

Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene

Breast cancer in postmenopausal woman

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

ER ⊕ breast cancer

Tamoxifen

Prostate adenocarcinoma/uterine fibroids

Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)

Medical abortion

Mifepristone

Prostate adenocarcinoma

Flutamide

Erectile dysfunction

Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)

Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol

Classic/Relevant Treatments Flashcards

(88 cards)