Classic/ relevant treatments Flashcards by Sandy Mainali

ethylene glycol / methanol intoxication

Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

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Neisseria meningitidis

Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)

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Clostridium botulinum

Antitoxin

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Clostridium tetani

Antitoxin

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Staphylococcus aureus

MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (antistaphylococcal penicillins); MRSA: vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, cetaroline

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Streptococcus pyogenes

Penicillin prophylaxis

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Streptococcus pneumoniae

Penicillin/ cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)

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Streptococcus bovis

Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer of linked to endocarditis

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Enterococci

Vanvomycin, aminopenicillins/ cephalosporins

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Haemophilus influenza B

Amoxicillin+- clavulanate (mucosal infections), ceftriaxone (meningitis), rifampin (prophylaxis)

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Legionella pneumophilia

Macrolides (eg, azithromycin)

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Piperacillin/tazobactam, aminoglycosides, carbapenems

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Treponema pallidum

Penicillin G

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Chlamydia trachomatis

Doxycycine (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), oral erythromycin to treat chlamydial conjunctivitis in infants

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Rickettsia reckettsii

Doxycycline, chloramphenicol

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Candida albicans

Topical azoles (vaginitis); nystatin, fluconazole, caspofungin (oral/esophageal); fluconazole, caspofungin, amphotericin B (systemic)

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Cryptococcus neoformans

Induction with amphotericin B and flucytosine, maintenance with fluconazole (in AIDS patients)

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Sporothrix schenckii

Itraconazole, oral potassium iodide

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Pneumocystis jirovecii

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis and treatment in immunosuppressed patients, CD4<200/mm3)

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Toxoplasma gondii

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

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Malaria

Chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (for blood schizont), primazuine (for liver hypnozoite)

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Trichomonas vaginalis

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

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Influenza

Oseltamivir, zanamivir

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CMV

Ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

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Neisseria gonorrhea

Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent C. trachomatis)

Clostridium difficle

Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

RIPE

UTI prophylaxis

TMP-SMX

Chronic hepatitis B or C

IFN-alpha (HBV and HCV); ribavirin, simeprevir, sofosbuvir (HCV)

PDA

Close with indomethacin; keep open with PGE analogs

Stable angina

sublingual nitroglycerin

Hypercholesterolemia

Statin (first-line)

Buerger diseas

Smoking cessation

Granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener)

cyclosphosphamide, corticosteroids

Kawasaki diseas

IVIG, high-dose aspirin

Temporal arteritis

High-dose sterouds

Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine)

Pheochromocytoma

alpha antagonists (eg phenoxybenzamine)

Prolactinoma

Cabergoline/ bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)

Diabetes insipidus

Desmopressin (central); hydrochlorthiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)

SIADH

fluid restriction, IV hypertronic saline, conivaptan/ tolvaptan, demeclocycline

DM type 1

dietary intervention (low carbohydrate) + insulin replacement

DM type 2

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)

Diabetic ketoacidosis

fluids, insulin, K

Carcinoid syndrome

Octrotide

Crohn disease

Corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine

Ulcerative colitis

5-ASA preparations (eg mesalamine), 6-mercaptopurine, infliximab, colectomy

hypertriglyceridemia

fibrate

sickle cell disease

hydroxyurea (increase fetal hgb)

CML

imatinib

AML (M3)

All-trans retinoic acid

Drug of choice for anticoagulation during pregnancy

Heparin

Heparin reversal

Protamine sulfate

Immediate anticoagulation

Heparin

Long-term anticoagulation

Warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban

warfarin reversal

FFP (acute), vitamin K (non-acute)

Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

Mesna

HER2/neu + breast cancer

Transtuxumab

Osteoporosis

Calcium/vitamin D supplementation (prophylaxis); bisphophonates, PTH analogs, SERMs, calcitonin, denosumab (treatment)

Osteomalacia/rickets

Vitamin D supplementation

Chronic gout

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (eg, allopurinol, febuxostat); pegloticase; pronenecid

Acute gout attack

NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoids

Neural tube defect prevention

Prenatal folic acid

Migraine

Abortive therapies (eg sumatriptan, NSAIDs); prophylaxis (eg, propranolol, topiramate, CCBs, amitriptyline)

Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

Carbamazepine

Multiple Sclerosis

Disease-modifying therapies (eg, B-interferon, natalizumab); for acute flares, use IV steroids

Degeneration of dorsal column fibers

Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospial, spinocerebellar tracts affected)

Tonic-clonic seizures

Levetiracetam, pheytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

Absence seizures

Ethosuximide

Malignant hyperthermia

Dantrolene

Anorexia

Nutrition, psychotherapy, mirtazapine

Bulemia nervosa

SSRIs

Alcoholism

Disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, supportive care

ADHD

Methylphenidate, amphetamines, CBT, atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine

alcohol withdrawal

long-acting benzodiazepenes

Bipolar disorder

Mood stabilizers (eg, lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine), atypical antipsychotics

Depression

SSRI (first line)

Generalized anxiety disorder

SSRIs, SNRIs (first line); buspirone (second line)

Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

Typical and atypical antipsychotics

Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

Atypical antipsychotics

Hyperaldosteronism

Spirinolactone

BPH

Alpha 1 antagonists, 5 alpha reductase inhibitors, PDE-5 inhibitors

Infertility

Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene

Breast cancer in postmenopausal woman

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

ER + breast cancer

Tamoxigen

Prostate adenocarcinoma/uterine fibroids

leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)

Erectile dysfunction

Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)

Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol

Classic/ relevant treatments Flashcards

(88 cards)