Classic/Relevant treatments part 1

Question 1

Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

Answer 1

Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

Question 2

Chronic hepatitis B or C

Answer 2

IFN-α (HBV and HCV); ribavirin, simeprevir, sofosbuvir (HCV)

Question 3

Streptococcus bovis

Answer 3

Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis

Question 4

Clostridium botulinum

Answer 4

Human botulinum immunoglobulin

Question 5

Clostridium tetani

Answer 5

Antitoxin and wound debridement

Question 6

Clostridium difficile

Answer 6

Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin.

Refractory cases: repeat regimen or fecal microbiota transplant

Question 7

Haemophilus influenzae (B)

Answer 7

Amoxicillin ± clavulanate (mucosal infections), ceftriaxone (meningitis), rifampin (prophylaxis)

Question 8

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Answer 8

Ceftriaxone (add azithromycin or doxycycline to cover

likely concurrent C trachomatis)

Question 9

Neisseria meningitidis

Answer 9

Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin/ciprofloxacin/ceftriaxone (prophylaxis)

Question 10

Legionella pneumophila

Answer 10

Macrolides (eg, azithromycin or fluoroquinolones)

Question 11

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 11

Piperacillin-tazobactam, cephalosporins, monobactams, fluoroquinolones, carbapenems

Question 12

Treponema pallidum

Answer 12

Penicillin G

Question 13

Chlamydia trachomatis

Answer 13

Azithromycin or doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), oral erythromycin to treat chlamydial conjunctivitis in infants

Question 14

Candida albicans

Answer 14

Topical azoles (vaginitis); nystatin, fluconazole,
caspofungin (oral); fluconazole, caspofungin,
amphotericin B (esophageal or systemic)

Question 15

Cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 15

Induction with amphotericin B and flucytosine, maintenance with fluconazole (in AIDS patients)

Question 16

Sporothrix schenckii

Answer 16

Itraconazole, oral potassium iodide

Question 17

Pneumocystis jirovecii

Answer 17

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis and treatment in

immunosuppressed patients, CD4 < 200/mm3)

Question 18

Toxoplasma gondii

Answer 18

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

Question 19

Malaria

Answer 19

Chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (for

blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)

Question 20

Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 20

Metronidazole (patient and partner[s])

Question 21

Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 21

Penicillin prophylaxis

Question 22

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 22

Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)

Question 23

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 23

MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin
(antistaphylococcal penicillins);

MRSA: vancomycin,
daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline

Question 24

Enterococci

Answer 24

Vancomycin, aminopenicillins/cephalosporins.
VRE:
daptomycin, linezolid, tigecycline, streptogramins

Question 25

Rickettsia rickettsii

Answer 25

Doxycycline, chloramphenicol

Question 26

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 26

RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)

Question 27

UTI prophylaxis

Answer 27

TMP-SMX

Question 28

Influenza

Answer 28

Oseltamivir, zanamivir

Question 29

CMV

Answer 29

Ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir