Key Associations part 5 Flashcards
Dementia
Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts (vascular dementia)
Demyelinating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
Brain tumor (adults)
Supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma, somatotropic adenoma
Brain tumor (children)
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Degeneration of dorsal column fibers
Tabes dorsalis (3° syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected)
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Membranous nephropathy
Nephrotic syndrome (children)
Minimal change disease
Kidney stones
Calcium = radiopaque
Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease ⊕ organisms such as Proteus mirabilis, S saprophyticus, Klebsiella)
Uric acid = radiolucent
Cystine = faintly radiopaque
Renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau
and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO,
renin, PTHrP, ACTH)
1° amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45,XO or 45,XO/46,XX mosaic)
Neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous carcinoma
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
Gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
Breast mass
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
Breast tumor (benign, young woman)
Fibroadenoma
Breast cancer
Invasive ductal carcinoma
Testicular tumor
Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive), high placental ALP
Obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
