Classical Civilizations: Greece and Rome

Question 1

Minoan and Mycenaean Cultures timeline

Answer 1

(2200 BCE-1100 BCE)

Question 2

Minoan and Mycenaean location

Answer 2

Developed on small islands in the Aegean (Cycladic Islands), Crete and mainland of Greece (Peloponnesus)

Question 2

Minoan and Mycenaean population

Answer 2

Population of 80,000 was supported by agriculture and fishing

Question 3

Knossos

Answer 3

Palace of King Minos, 1450-1370 BCE

Question 4

Palace of King Minos Discovery?

Answer 4

following excavations which started in 1900 by Sir Arthur Evans

Question 5

Palace of King Minos plan?

Answer 5

loose agglomeration around a large central open space

Question 6

Palace of King Minos design?

Answer 6

Lower level of narrow chambers on one side
Larger chambers; thought to be ceremonial rooms on the upper level
Spacing between the columns in larger spaces suggest a wooden beam structure

Question 7

Palace of King Minos furniture use

Answer 7

Rulers had tall stone thrones with back others had shorter benches with no back

Question 8

Palace at Mycenae city type

Answer 8

Naturally defensible city

Question 9

Megaron

Answer 9

a rectangular hall with a portico in the front and a centrally located hearth

Question 10

Mycenaean Palace design

Answer 10

Vibrant colors and plant motifs

Question 11

Lion Gate location and date

Answer 11

Mycenae: 1300 BCE - 1250 BCE

Question 12

Lion Gate type

Answer 12

Post and lintel structure
Cyclopean masonry

Question 13

How is the Lions Gate so tall

Answer 13

Corbelling was used to construct the wall very high

Question 14

Lions Gate Relieving space?

Answer 14

the triangular space between the corbelling

Question 15

is the Lions Gate the first relief / monumental structure on mainland Greece

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

A column is represented in the middle of the Lions gate

Answer 16

wider at the top a feature very similar to columns used in Minoan architecture

Question 17

Mycenaean culture and architecture was influenced by

Answer 17

Minoans

Question 18

Mycenae timeline

Answer 18

1550 BCE - 1500 BCE

Question 19

mainland Greece in the Bronze Age was dominated by

Answer 19

Mycenaean culture

Question 20

Mycenae city type

Answer 20

fortified city (culture of war?) (offensive vs. defensive?)

Question 21

Mycenaean people traded as far as

Answer 21

Italy and North Africa

Question 22

Treasury of Atreus timeline

Answer 22

Mycenae c. 1300 BCE - 1250 BCE

Question 23

Treasury of Atreus shape

Answer 23

Beehive tomb

Question 24

Beehive Tomb use

Answer 24

Ruling elite was buried in this type of tomb

Question 25

beehive tomb construction

Answer 25

Utilizes corbelling technique

Question 26

Treasury of Atreus size

Answer 26

Largest domical space until Pantheon (Rome)

Question 27

The Greek Temple plan precedent

Answer 27

plan derived from the Aegean Megaron

Question 28

Greek temple function

Answer 28

Ceremonial and symbolic

Question 29

Cella

Answer 29

the enclosed space of the temple (one or two rooms)

Question 30

Polychromy

Answer 30

use of various colors

Question 31

Greek temple observation

Answer 31

Permanence Symmetry Grounded, Static, permanent

Question 32

Parthenon Athens timeline

Answer 32

447 BC - 436 BC

Question 33

Greek orders

Answer 33

Doric, Ionic, Corinthian

Question 34

Stoa of Attalos

Answer 34

Athens 150 BCE

Question 35

agora

Answer 35

civic center or market place

Question 36

Stoa

Answer 36

sheltered space for commerce

Question 37

ancient Greek house aspects

Answer 37

grouping of rooms around a courtyard blank exteriors Sun baked brick or rough stone surface plastered or stuccoed and whitewashed rarely symmetrical larger homes occasionally had a second floor

Question 38

andron

Answer 38

a vestibule parlor used by men

Question 39

oecus

Answer 39

all purpose living primarily used by women and children

Question 40

Did Ancient Greek furniture survive

Answer 40

no

Question 41

Klismos chair

Answer 41

the stele of Hegisto 410 BCE

Question 42

Roman Empire

Answer 42

750 BCE? - 476/1453

Question 43

Domus Italica aspects

Answer 43

atrium space in center rooms surrounding

Question 44

Pompeii

Answer 44

powerful city state involved in trade

Question 45

Pompeii trade items

Answer 45

experts in metal working, ceramic, and fresco

Question 46

how was Pompeii different than other cities

Answer 46

Etruscan women had more power than their Greek counterparts and were afforded a remarkably equal status with men. Women were a part of public life.

Question 47

What is special about the Roman insula and the renaissance Palazzo

Answer 47

urban type first century architecture adapted for 15th-17th c architecture

Question 48

How are the Roman insula and the renaissance Palazzo similar

Answer 48

interacts with street lower level public shopping upper level private homes

Question 49

The Mycenaean Bridge

Answer 49

Kazarma 1,300 BCE

Question 50

The Mycenaean Bridge construction

Answer 50

oldest arch, built with limestone without mortar / shape of stones balance it

Question 51

who first used groin vaults

Answer 51

Romans

Question 51

arch construction

Answer 51

wooden form to build upon custom cut bricks keystone at top keeps everything together

Question 51

Lintel

Answer 51

type of beam that spans openings such as portals, doors, windows and fireplaces.

Question 52

corbel arch

Answer 52

arch-like construction method that uses the architectural technique of corbeling to span a space or void

Question 53

Roman Bath engineering

Answer 53

2 layers of walls engineering starting to come into architecture hot water in between to keep space warm

Question 54

column type at the baths of Caracalla

Answer 54

Composite columns

Question 55

why is Maison Carree significant

Answer 55

located in a province belongs to a period in which Roman transitioned from a republic to an empire

Question 56

Maison Carree use

Answer 56

Roman temple dedicated to the imperial court

Question 57

Pantheon use

Answer 57

temple to all gods

Question 58

pantheon aspects

Answer 58

Corinthian order coffered dome Oculus is the source of internal lighting Concrete dome Concrete and brick walls with stone facing Rotunda interior

Question 59

Coffered dome purpose

Answer 59

used for structure not looks concrete is heavy - coffering makes it lighter

Question 60

what is the Basilica of Maxentius used for

Answer 60

public assembly hall

Question 61

Roman Basilica Pompeii aspects

Answer 61

a major secular building type used as a court room masonry walls wooden roof Nave and aisles with focal apse

Question 62

When were basilicas were converted into churches

Answer 62

Under empire constantine (1st c CE)

Question 63

Pompeii and Herculaneum

Answer 63

eruption of Mount Vesuvius 79 CE resort towns

Question 64

Roman Houses Aspects

Answer 64

houses were typically one or two stories fronting the street with a blank wall, or shops Open courtyard Open atrium and a pool in the center Axis with the entrance was the formal parlor adjacent dining room furnished with three couches

Question 65

Impluvium

Answer 65

Roman pool

Question 66

Tablinum

Answer 66

Roman formal parlor

Question 67

Triclinium

Answer 67

Roman dining room

Question 68

Furniture from Pompeii

Answer 68

useful and decorative made structural elements decorative

Question 69

Roman Dining

Answer 69

romans ate their dinners reclining in their triclinia

Question 70

convivium

Answer 70

a communal meal and an event for sexual pleasures and overindulgence

Question 71

Baths of Caracalla

Answer 71

211-17 CE ??

Question 72

Madison Carree

Answer 72

Nimes, France 1st c BCE

Question 73

Pantheon

Answer 73

Rome (118-28 BCE)

Question 74

Basilica of Maxentius

Answer 74

Rome 307-312

Question 75

Roman Basilica - Pompeii

Answer 75

2nd c BCE

Question 76

The markets at Trajan

Answer 76

Rome 100-112