Classical conditioning Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is classical conditioning?
A learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.
Who is the psychologist most famously associated with classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov.
True or False: Classical conditioning involves voluntary responses.
False.
Fill in the blank: In classical conditioning, the _____ stimulus is paired with the unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.
conditioned.
What is the unconditioned stimulus (US)?
A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without prior conditioning.
What is the conditioned response (CR)?
A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus that has become associated with the unconditioned stimulus.
In Pavlov’s experiment, what was the unconditioned stimulus?
Food.
In Pavlov’s experiment, what was the conditioned stimulus?
The sound of a bell.
True or False: Extinction in classical conditioning occurs when the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus.
True.
What does the term ‘generalization’ refer to in classical conditioning?
The tendency for the conditioned response to be elicited by stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus.
What is ‘discrimination’ in the context of classical conditioning?
The ability to differentiate between the conditioned stimulus and other similar stimuli.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning? A) Learning to ride a bike B) Salivating at the sound of a bell after food presentation C) Solving a math problem
B) Salivating at the sound of a bell after food presentation.
What role does timing play in classical conditioning?
The conditioned stimulus must be presented shortly before the unconditioned stimulus for effective conditioning.
Short Answer: Describe the concept of ‘spontaneous recovery’ in classical conditioning.
The reappearance of a conditioned response after a pause following extinction.
Fill in the blank: The process of pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to create a conditioned response is called _____.
conditioning.
Who conducted experiments that demonstrated classical conditioning with dogs?
Ivan Pavlov.
True or False: Classical conditioning can be applied in therapeutic settings, such as treating phobias.
True.
What is the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?
Classical conditioning involves associations between stimuli, while operant conditioning involves associations between behaviors and consequences.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of classical conditioning? A) Unconditioned stimulus B) Conditioned response C) Reinforcement
C) Reinforcement.
Fill in the blank: Pavlov’s research laid the groundwork for the field of _____ psychology.
behavioral.
What is the significance of Pavlov’s work in psychology?
It established the foundation for behaviorism and demonstrated that behavior could be studied objectively.
True or False: Classical conditioning can influence emotional responses.
True.
Short Answer: How can classical conditioning be observed in everyday life?
Through associations formed between stimuli, such as feeling hungry at the sound of a dinner bell.
What is a real-world application of classical conditioning?
It is used in advertising to create positive associations with products.
