Operant Conditioning

Question 1

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 1

A learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment.

Question 2

Who is considered the founder of operant conditioning?

Answer 2

B.F. Skinner.

Question 3

True or False: Operant conditioning involves associating an involuntary response with a stimulus.

Answer 3

False.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: In operant conditioning, ________ increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.

Answer 4

reinforcement

Question 5

What are the two main types of reinforcement?

Answer 5

Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement.

Question 6

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement? A) Taking away a toy B) Giving a treat for good behavior C) Ignoring bad behavior

Answer 6

B) Giving a treat for good behavior.

Question 7

What is the purpose of punishment in operant conditioning?

Answer 7

To decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.

Question 8

True or False: Negative reinforcement involves adding a stimulus to decrease a behavior.

Answer 8

False.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: ________ reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase behavior.

Answer 9

Negative

Question 10

What is a Skinner box?

Answer 10

An experimental apparatus used to study operant conditioning with animals.

Question 11

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement? A) Giving a child extra playtime B) Taking away chores for good grades C) Yelling at a pet for misbehaving

Answer 11

B) Taking away chores for good grades.

Question 12

What is shaping in the context of operant conditioning?

Answer 12

The process of reinforcing successive approximations toward a desired behavior.

Question 13

True or False: Continuous reinforcement is more effective than partial reinforcement for long-term behavior change.

Answer 13

False.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The ________ schedule of reinforcement provides rewards after a set number of responses.

Answer 14

fixed ratio

Question 15

What is the difference between reinforcement and punishment?

Answer 15

Reinforcement increases behavior, while punishment decreases behavior.

Question 16

Multiple Choice: Which schedule of reinforcement is known for producing a high, steady rate of responding? A) Fixed interval B) Variable interval C) Variable ratio

Answer 16

C) Variable ratio.

Question 17

What is the role of a discriminative stimulus in operant conditioning?

Answer 17

It signals the availability of reinforcement or punishment.

Question 18

True or False: Operant conditioning can only be applied to animal behavior.

Answer 18

False.

Question 19

Fill in the blank: The ________ effect refers to the phenomenon where behaviors learned through operant conditioning may persist even after reinforcement is removed.

Answer 19

extinction

Question 20

What is the primary influence of operant conditioning in education?

Answer 20

It helps in developing effective teaching strategies through reinforcement.

Question 21

Multiple Choice: Who conducted experiments with pigeons and rats to study operant conditioning? A) Ivan Pavlov B) John Watson C) B.F. Skinner

Answer 21

C) B.F. Skinner.

Question 22

What is a primary reinforcer?

Answer 22

A stimulus that is naturally reinforcing, such as food or water.

Question 23

True or False: Secondary reinforcers are inherently rewarding.

Answer 23

False.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: A ________ reinforcement schedule provides reinforcement after varying amounts of time.

Answer 24

variable interval

Question 25

What is a token economy?

Answer 25

A system of behavior modification based on the systematic reinforcement of target behavior with tokens.

Question 26

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer? A) Food B) Money C) Water

Answer 26

B) Money.

Question 27

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 27

A learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment.

Question 28

Define respondent behavior.

Answer 28

Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to a particular stimulus.

Question 29

True or False: Operant behavior is influenced by its consequences.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Fill in the blank: In operant conditioning, behaviors are strengthened or weakened through _______.

Answer 30

reinforcement or punishment

Question 31

What is the primary difference between operant and respondent behavior?

Answer 31

Operant behavior is voluntary and controlled by its consequences, while respondent behavior is involuntary and elicited by specific stimuli.

Question 32

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning? A) Salivating at the sight of food, B) A dog sitting on command for a treat, C) A reflexive jerk when a knee is tapped.

Answer 32

B) A dog sitting on command for a treat.

Question 33

What type of reinforcement involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus?

Answer 33

Negative reinforcement.

Question 34

True or False: Respondent behavior can be conditioned through classical conditioning.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What is a primary reinforcer?

Answer 35

A stimulus that is naturally reinforcing because it satisfies a biological need.

Question 36

Fill in the blank: In classical conditioning, an unconditioned stimulus (US) elicits an _______ response.

Answer 36

unconditioned

Question 37

Multiple Choice: Which term describes a stimulus that increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated? A) Punisher, B) Reinforcer, C) Neutral stimulus.

Answer 37

B) Reinforcer

Question 38

What is the purpose of punishment in operant conditioning?

Answer 38

To decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring in the future.

Question 39

True or False: Positive reinforcement involves adding a pleasant stimulus to increase a behavior.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Define a conditioned reinforcer.

Answer 40

A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer.

Question 41

Fill in the blank: The process of reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior is called _______.

Answer 41

shaping

Question 42

What is the term for a stimulus that does not initially elicit a response?

Answer 42

Neutral stimulus.

Question 43

Multiple Choice: Which schedule of reinforcement provides reinforcement after a specific number of responses? A) Fixed interval, B) Variable ratio, C) Fixed ratio.

Answer 43

C) Fixed ratio.

Question 44

What is the main focus of operant conditioning?

Answer 44

The association between behavior and its consequences.

Question 45

True or False: In operant conditioning, behaviors can be modified without the use of reinforcement or punishment.

Answer 45

False

Question 46

What is extinction in the context of operant conditioning?

Answer 46

The process by which a previously reinforced behavior is weakened when reinforcement is no longer provided.

Question 47

Fill in the blank: In respondent conditioning, a neutral stimulus becomes a _______ stimulus after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Answer 47

conditioned

Question 48

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of respondent behavior? A) A child learning to tie shoelaces, B) A dog salivating at the sound of a bell, C) A person studying for an exam.

Answer 48

B) A dog salivating at the sound of a bell.

Question 49

What does the term 'discriminative stimulus' refer to?

Answer 49

A stimulus that signals the availability of reinforcement for a specific behavior.

Question 50

True or False: Negative punishment involves removing a desirable stimulus to decrease a behavior.

Answer 50

True