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AP World History Vocab > Classical Vocab > Flashcards

Classical Vocab Flashcards

(110 cards)

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1
Q

Achaemenid Empire

A

Cyrus first built this empire that extended beyond modern Iran. Darius extended this empire so that is was the largest if his time, coins, creation of good roads. 558-330 BCE

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2
Q

Darius

A

Persian ruler, coins, roads, divided territory

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3
Q

Persepolis

A

new Persian capital of Archemenid dynasty under Darius

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4
Q

satrapies

A

Achaemenid Persia divided into 23 districts ruled by Satrap who would be appointed by the emperor and kept job based on # of tax revenue and soldiers sent to empire

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5
Q

Seleucid Empire

A

Alexander the Greats former general seleucus controlled Persia after Alexandra the Great died, faced rebellions by satraps and Parthians

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6
Q

Parthian Empire

A

lack of centralized rule, organized as a federation of leaders with a capital Ctesiphon. Strong military prevented conquest of Persia by roman legions. Mithridates defeated Seleucid empire taking Babylonia and Media.

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7
Q

Sassanid Empire

A

imitated old Achaemenid empire in govnt structure and culture. conquered by Arab forces who were spreading Islam

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8
Q

qanat

A

underground canals developed by Persians for purposes of irritation

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9
Q

Zarathustra

A

Persian religious leader who inspired Zoroastrianism in 7th century BCE. visions of Ahura Mazda promoted a belief in the struggle between good and evil

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10
Q

the Avesta

A

Zoroastrian book of teaching, wrote down oral traditions of the Gathas, writings were lost when most Persians converted to Islam

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11
Q

Magi

A

Zoroastrian Priests who preserved Zoroasters teachings through oral tradition until the were written down during the Seleucid and Sassanid dynasties

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12
Q

Manichaeism

A

religion founded by the self-proclaimed prophet Mani who lived in the Parthian Empire I’m the 3rd century CE. blended belief of Zoroastrian Christianity and Buddhism

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13
Q

Knossos

A

capital of Minoan civilization on the island of Crete

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14
Q

Sparta

A

city-state that emphasized military training. it’s armies were important in the defeat of Persian invaders and Athens I’m the Peloponnesian war. nice to women

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15
Q

Athens

A

wealthy through maritime trade. citizenship open to adult males. education incorporated intellectual and military training. philosophy and frame

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16
Q

Massalia

A

Greek colony founded around 600 BCE in what is today southern France. later became modern city of Marseilles

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17
Q

Marathon

A

battle where Athenians and their allies defeated Persian invading force in 490 BCE

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18
Q

Phillip of Macedon

A

Macedonian ruler who brought Greece under control. so was Alexander the Great

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19
Q

Alexandria

A

founded by Alexander the Great in Egypt. capital Ptolemaic empire ruled afer Alexander’s death. located at mouth of Nile which contributed to great wealth

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20
Q

Plato

A

student of Socrates . Book: Republic

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21
Q

Aristotle

A

student of Plato. his writings served for the basis of science

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22
Q

Sophocles

A

Greek dramatist who helped Greek theater

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23
Q

Nestorians

A

followers of the Greek theologian nestorius. he emphasized Jesus as a human not as a divine person

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24
Q

jati

A

subcastes based on occupation

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25
Vardhamana Mahavira
founder of Jainism: based on Hindu belief but with a strict ascetic lifestyle
26
Siddhartha Gautama
founder of Buddism, condemned strict asceticism, born royalty, rejected Caste system
27
Nirvana
escape from cycle of reincarnation. Buddhism and Hinduism
28
Dharma
basic doctrine of Buddhism. 8th fold path, 4 noble truths. Acceptance of caste
29
Ahimsa
belief in non violence that is observed by Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism. don't kill animals. vegetarian diets
30
Mahayana
less strict form of Buddhism, nirvana is achieved by 8th fold path. don't have to become a monk to cohesive liberation of ones soul
31
Boddhistavas
souls have already achieved nirvana but come back to help others
32
Bhagavad Gita
excerpt from Mahabharata. illustrates expectations and promise of Hinduism. everyone must follow their destiny
33
Etruscans
indo-Europeans, dominated much of Italy from 8th-5th century BCE. monarchy inspired the city of Rome to rebel and sit up a republic to avoid tyranny
34
Punic wars
conflicts between Rome and Carthage. Hannibal was most famous general from Carthage. Rome eventually defeated Carthage
35
patricians
upper class nobles who often controlled latifundias and generally dominated roman government
36
Plebeians
common people who often earned their living as farmers, shopkeepers or urban laborers
37
Gracchi Brothers
tribunes murdered because they favored land distribution that was unfavorable to patrician interests
38
Julius Caesar
roman political leader who conquered Gaul & Britain and was later murdered in the senate
39
Augustus
(Octavian) first roman emperor. his civil service, census, Pax Romana helped to make Rome a dominate power
40
Latifundia
large plantations during Roman Empire, controlled by Patrician families/worked by slaves. displaced small farms
41
Spartacus
former gladiator who raised a army of slaves in revolt against the roman republic. he was eventually defeated
42
the Essenes
Jewish sect in Palestine. strict moral code, emphasis on community and desire to find savior are possible contributions to Christianity
43
Paul of Tarsus
Jew from Anatolia who preached Christianity with emphasis on faith and morality. spread belief around Mediterranean world. letters became books of New Testament
44
Stoicism
Hellenistic philosophy that claimed humanity is part of brotherhood. set stage to spread Christianity
45
Constantine
roman emperor who named the capital of eastern empire(after himself). first emperor to convert to Christianity
46
Attila
Hun warrior king who was "scourge of gods" attacks on Roman Empire showed he was vulnerable
47
St. Augustine
have up Manichean beliefs and converted to Christianity. writings reconciled Plato and became an influence of medieval European theology
48
Junzi
morally superior individuals
49
Xiao
Filial Piety: respect for elders
50
Mencius
leading disciple of Confucius
51
Dao
passive force, philosophy that calls for it's followers to live in harmony with nature. Yin& Yang. Laozi was founder
52
Wuwei
dao it's belief in disengagement from human society. hermit life
53
legalism
Chinese philosophy that valued farming and military. the book of lord Shang
54
Qin Shihuangdi
first qin emperor. buried scholars and burned books in effort to eradicate Confucian beliefs
55
Liu Bang
revolutionary who started Han Dynasty. returned to centralized rule after after revolt against Qin dynasty
56
Xiongnu
nomadic people from central Asian steppes. threat to Han China
57
Faxian
Buddhist monk who traveled to India in search of texts. new growth for Buddhism in China when he returned
58
silk roads
ancient trade routes that extends from China in the east to the Roman Empire in the west
59
Elite
Group of people who enjoy a higher status than others
60
Wu Di
Chinese emperor of the Han Dynasty who started the imperial academy in order to provide formal training for the men who wanted to become government officials
61
Confucian Hierarchy
Ranking system that was prevalent in China after the fall of Qin dynasty. Status: scholars, farmers, artisans, merchants, solders
62
Ban Zhao
Lessons for Women, define traditional role for women in China
63
Filial Piety
Chinese value of venerating ancestors
64
Scholar Gentry
Elite class in china who came from the landed aristocracy, used wealth to study Confucian philosophy to serve as a government official
65
Social Mobility
Ability to rise or fall through social class structure, not common, rich pays for farmer to study
66
Wang Mang
Emperor of China who interrupted the Han Dynasty to bring about reforms. Unsuccessfully tried to redistribute land to peasants
67
Yellow Turban Rebellion
Insurrection of peasants in north china against high taxes. Weakened Han Dynasty's control and reputation
68
Karma
Concept in Hindu and the Buddhist belief that every action had good and bad energy
69
Brahmin
Highest caste who's job involved religious activities and spiritual education
70
Kshatriyas
Second highest class that served as the warrior class
71
Vaisya
Caste who's jobs included merchant and business activities
72
Sudras
Lowest caste whose background was not Aryan and who's jobs involved manual labor
73
Purusha
Hindu god who represented social structure in SA. head: Brahmins arms/torso: Kshatriyas legs: Vaisya feet: Sudras
74
Guild
Organization of merchants or artisans within the same profession
75
Stratification
Separation of people into different social classes
76
Manu
Mythological king who was believed to have provided the laws that governed day to day affairs in ancient India
77
Varna
Caste system in India. Aryans were above Dravidians
78
Concubine
A women who lives with a man but has lower status than his wife
79
Carthage
City in North America that Rome defeated in the Punic Wars. 50 thousand inhabitants became slaves
80
Delos
Island in the Aegean Sea where roman merchants purchased slaves who have been captured by pirates
81
Gladiator
Slaves who were give special training to fight as part of public entertainment
82
Brothel
Place where people come to engage in sexual activity with a prostitute
83
Exploitation
Take advantage of someone to gain profit or for personal pleasure
84
Manumission
Act of freeing a slave. In Rome they could become citizens
85
Euripides
Greek playwright who condemned women who lacked the ability to stay at home
86
Domestic
Matters that relate to taking care of the home and caring for children
87
Dowry
Amount of money given to the groom upon his marriage by the family of the bride
88
Aspasia
Woman whose education and behavior did not conform to traditional roles. She lived as the wife of the Athenian ruler Pericles but did not marry him
89
Helots
People conquered by Spartans and forced to become slaves. Strong military to control them
90
Plutarch
Biographer of many important ancient Greeks and Romans who complained that spartan women ruled their husbands
91
Agora
Gathering place, athletic, artistic, political, economic things took place. Market
92
Meroe
Capital of Kush empire which was located south of Egypt along Nile river
93
Axum
African kingdom that conquered Kush empire. Modern Ethiopia
94
Kush
Kingdom south of Egypt that borrowed many of Egyptian ideas (hieroglyphics pyramids) eventually conquered Egypt for a century
95
Piye
King of Kush whose forces conquered Egypt. He returned to Meroe after conquest but left representatives to rule in his name
96
Jenne-Jeno
Important trading center along Niger river
97
Griots
Storytellers in Africa whose role was to preserve much of the cultural heritage that would have been lost since most if these society's did not have a system of writing
98
Bantu
Migrated from west Africa into central and Southern Africa over more than a thousand years ago. They brought their agricultural economy as they migrated
99
Batwa
Forest people whose culture survived contact with Bantu due to their cooperative response in trading goods with the migrating people
100
Age Grades
Widespread practice in many African societies which divides people up into groups according to a three to five year range in age. Provided structure
101
Mesoamerica
Territory in central and southern Mexico as well as Guatemala a And Belize where Olmecs and Maya lived
102
Maya
Native American society which developed in Mesoamerica from about 300 to 900 CE. Controlled by a variety of city states, developed their own writing and calendars
103
Tikal
Largest Mayan cities. Temple of the Great Jaguar : large pyramid and temple at top
104
Teotihuacan
City in central Mexico, developed same time as Maya, largest city, pyramid of son and moon
105
Chavin
Village in Andes mountains grew into a town due to location of treed routes linking the pacific coast to the amazon rain forest. Religious cult
106
Moche
Cultivation that dominated perus coastline, warrior priests, jewelry sculpture and pottery
107
Wari
Society that developed in the Peruvian Andes. Developed an agricultural system based on an elaborate system of hillside terracing and irrigation
108
Tiwanaku
Society that dele oped in the Peruvian Andes and developed a system of agricultural systems based on raised fields and fitted stone walls
109
Hopewell
Earthworks and burials in Ohio common network of trade routes
110
Mound builders
Culture that dominated the eastern woodlands of NA. Agricultural hunting and gathering kept populations lower than normal

AP World History Vocab (3 decks)

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