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AP World History Vocab > Classical Vocab > Flashcards

Classical Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Achaemenid Empire

A

Cyrus first built this empire that extended beyond modern Iran. Darius extended this empire so that is was the largest if his time, coins, creation of good roads. 558-330 BCE

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2
Q

Darius

A

Persian ruler, coins, roads, divided territory

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3
Q

Persepolis

A

new Persian capital of Archemenid dynasty under Darius

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4
Q

satrapies

A

Achaemenid Persia divided into 23 districts ruled by Satrap who would be appointed by the emperor and kept job based on # of tax revenue and soldiers sent to empire

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5
Q

Seleucid Empire

A

Alexander the Greats former general seleucus controlled Persia after Alexandra the Great died, faced rebellions by satraps and Parthians

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6
Q

Parthian Empire

A

lack of centralized rule, organized as a federation of leaders with a capital Ctesiphon. Strong military prevented conquest of Persia by roman legions. Mithridates defeated Seleucid empire taking Babylonia and Media.

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7
Q

Sassanid Empire

A

imitated old Achaemenid empire in govnt structure and culture. conquered by Arab forces who were spreading Islam

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8
Q

qanat

A

underground canals developed by Persians for purposes of irritation

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9
Q

Zarathustra

A

Persian religious leader who inspired Zoroastrianism in 7th century BCE. visions of Ahura Mazda promoted a belief in the struggle between good and evil

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10
Q

the Avesta

A

Zoroastrian book of teaching, wrote down oral traditions of the Gathas, writings were lost when most Persians converted to Islam

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11
Q

Magi

A

Zoroastrian Priests who preserved Zoroasters teachings through oral tradition until the were written down during the Seleucid and Sassanid dynasties

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12
Q

Manichaeism

A

religion founded by the self-proclaimed prophet Mani who lived in the Parthian Empire I’m the 3rd century CE. blended belief of Zoroastrian Christianity and Buddhism

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13
Q

Knossos

A

capital of Minoan civilization on the island of Crete

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14
Q

Sparta

A

city-state that emphasized military training. it’s armies were important in the defeat of Persian invaders and Athens I’m the Peloponnesian war. nice to women

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15
Q

Athens

A

wealthy through maritime trade. citizenship open to adult males. education incorporated intellectual and military training. philosophy and frame

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16
Q

Massalia

A

Greek colony founded around 600 BCE in what is today southern France. later became modern city of Marseilles

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17
Q

Marathon

A

battle where Athenians and their allies defeated Persian invading force in 490 BCE

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18
Q

Phillip of Macedon

A

Macedonian ruler who brought Greece under control. so was Alexander the Great

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19
Q

Alexandria

A

founded by Alexander the Great in Egypt. capital Ptolemaic empire ruled afer Alexander’s death. located at mouth of Nile which contributed to great wealth

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20
Q

Plato

A

student of Socrates . Book: Republic

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21
Q

Aristotle

A

student of Plato. his writings served for the basis of science

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22
Q

Sophocles

A

Greek dramatist who helped Greek theater

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23
Q

Nestorians

A

followers of the Greek theologian nestorius. he emphasized Jesus as a human not as a divine person

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24
Q

jati

A

subcastes based on occupation

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25
Q

Vardhamana Mahavira

A

founder of Jainism: based on Hindu belief but with a strict ascetic lifestyle

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26
Q

Siddhartha Gautama

A

founder of Buddism, condemned strict asceticism, born royalty, rejected Caste system

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27
Q

Nirvana

A

escape from cycle of reincarnation. Buddhism and Hinduism

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28
Q

Dharma

A

basic doctrine of Buddhism. 8th fold path, 4 noble truths. Acceptance of caste

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29
Q

Ahimsa

A

belief in non violence that is observed by Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism. don’t kill animals. vegetarian diets

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30
Q

Mahayana

A

less strict form of Buddhism, nirvana is achieved by 8th fold path. don’t have to become a monk to cohesive liberation of ones soul

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31
Q

Boddhistavas

A

souls have already achieved nirvana but come back to help others

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32
Q

Bhagavad Gita

A

excerpt from Mahabharata. illustrates expectations and promise of Hinduism. everyone must follow their destiny

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33
Q

Etruscans

A

indo-Europeans, dominated much of Italy from 8th-5th century BCE. monarchy inspired the city of Rome to rebel and sit up a republic to avoid tyranny

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34
Q

Punic wars

A

conflicts between Rome and Carthage. Hannibal was most famous general from Carthage. Rome eventually defeated Carthage

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35
Q

patricians

A

upper class nobles who often controlled latifundias and generally dominated roman government

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36
Q

Plebeians

A

common people who often earned their living as farmers, shopkeepers or urban laborers

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37
Q

Gracchi Brothers

A

tribunes murdered because they favored land distribution that was unfavorable to patrician interests

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38
Q

Julius Caesar

A

roman political leader who conquered Gaul & Britain and was later murdered in the senate

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39
Q

Augustus

A

(Octavian) first roman emperor. his civil service, census, Pax Romana helped to make Rome a dominate power

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40
Q

Latifundia

A

large plantations during Roman Empire, controlled by Patrician families/worked by slaves. displaced small farms

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41
Q

Spartacus

A

former gladiator who raised a army of slaves in revolt against the roman republic. he was eventually defeated

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42
Q

the Essenes

A

Jewish sect in Palestine. strict moral code, emphasis on community and desire to find savior are possible contributions to Christianity

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43
Q

Paul of Tarsus

A

Jew from Anatolia who preached Christianity with emphasis on faith and morality. spread belief around Mediterranean world. letters became books of New Testament

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44
Q

Stoicism

A

Hellenistic philosophy that claimed humanity is part of brotherhood. set stage to spread Christianity

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45
Q

Constantine

A

roman emperor who named the capital of eastern empire(after himself). first emperor to convert to Christianity

46
Q

Attila

A

Hun warrior king who was “scourge of gods” attacks on Roman Empire showed he was vulnerable

47
Q

St. Augustine

A

have up Manichean beliefs and converted to Christianity. writings reconciled Plato and became an influence of medieval European theology

48
Q

Junzi

A

morally superior individuals

49
Q

Xiao

A

Filial Piety: respect for elders

50
Q

Mencius

A

leading disciple of Confucius

51
Q

Dao

A

passive force, philosophy that calls for it’s followers to live in harmony with nature. Yin& Yang. Laozi was founder

52
Q

Wuwei

A

dao it’s belief in disengagement from human society. hermit life

53
Q

legalism

A

Chinese philosophy that valued farming and military. the book of lord Shang

54
Q

Qin Shihuangdi

A

first qin emperor. buried scholars and burned books in effort to eradicate Confucian beliefs

55
Q

Liu Bang

A

revolutionary who started Han Dynasty. returned to centralized rule after after revolt against Qin dynasty

56
Q

Xiongnu

A

nomadic people from central Asian steppes. threat to Han China

57
Q

Faxian

A

Buddhist monk who traveled to India in search of texts. new growth for Buddhism in China when he returned

58
Q

silk roads

A

ancient trade routes that extends from China in the east to the Roman Empire in the west

59
Q

Elite

A

Group of people who enjoy a higher status than others

60
Q

Wu Di

A

Chinese emperor of the Han Dynasty who started the imperial academy in order to provide formal training for the men who wanted to become government officials

61
Q

Confucian Hierarchy

A

Ranking system that was prevalent in China after the fall of Qin dynasty. Status: scholars, farmers, artisans, merchants, solders

62
Q

Ban Zhao

A

Lessons for Women, define traditional role for women in China

63
Q

Filial Piety

A

Chinese value of venerating ancestors

64
Q

Scholar Gentry

A

Elite class in china who came from the landed aristocracy, used wealth to study Confucian philosophy to serve as a government official

65
Q

Social Mobility

A

Ability to rise or fall through social class structure, not common, rich pays for farmer to study

66
Q

Wang Mang

A

Emperor of China who interrupted the Han Dynasty to bring about reforms. Unsuccessfully tried to redistribute land to peasants

67
Q

Yellow Turban Rebellion

A

Insurrection of peasants in north china against high taxes. Weakened Han Dynasty’s control and reputation

68
Q

Karma

A

Concept in Hindu and the Buddhist belief that every action had good and bad energy

69
Q

Brahmin

A

Highest caste who’s job involved religious activities and spiritual education

70
Q

Kshatriyas

A

Second highest class that served as the warrior class

71
Q

Vaisya

A

Caste who’s jobs included merchant and business activities

72
Q

Sudras

A

Lowest caste whose background was not Aryan and who’s jobs involved manual labor

73
Q

Purusha

A

Hindu god who represented social structure in SA. head: Brahmins arms/torso: Kshatriyas legs: Vaisya feet: Sudras

74
Q

Guild

A

Organization of merchants or artisans within the same profession

75
Q

Stratification

A

Separation of people into different social classes

76
Q

Manu

A

Mythological king who was believed to have provided the laws that governed day to day affairs in ancient India

77
Q

Varna

A

Caste system in India. Aryans were above Dravidians

78
Q

Concubine

A

A women who lives with a man but has lower status than his wife

79
Q

Carthage

A

City in North America that Rome defeated in the Punic Wars. 50 thousand inhabitants became slaves

80
Q

Delos

A

Island in the Aegean Sea where roman merchants purchased slaves who have been captured by pirates

81
Q

Gladiator

A

Slaves who were give special training to fight as part of public entertainment

82
Q

Brothel

A

Place where people come to engage in sexual activity with a prostitute

83
Q

Exploitation

A

Take advantage of someone to gain profit or for personal pleasure

84
Q

Manumission

A

Act of freeing a slave. In Rome they could become citizens

85
Q

Euripides

A

Greek playwright who condemned women who lacked the ability to stay at home

86
Q

Domestic

A

Matters that relate to taking care of the home and caring for children

87
Q

Dowry

A

Amount of money given to the groom upon his marriage by the family of the bride

88
Q

Aspasia

A

Woman whose education and behavior did not conform to traditional roles. She lived as the wife of the Athenian ruler Pericles but did not marry him

89
Q

Helots

A

People conquered by Spartans and forced to become slaves. Strong military to control them

90
Q

Plutarch

A

Biographer of many important ancient Greeks and Romans who complained that spartan women ruled their husbands

91
Q

Agora

A

Gathering place, athletic, artistic, political, economic things took place. Market

92
Q

Meroe

A

Capital of Kush empire which was located south of Egypt along Nile river

93
Q

Axum

A

African kingdom that conquered Kush empire. Modern Ethiopia

94
Q

Kush

A

Kingdom south of Egypt that borrowed many of Egyptian ideas (hieroglyphics pyramids) eventually conquered Egypt for a century

95
Q

Piye

A

King of Kush whose forces conquered Egypt. He returned to Meroe after conquest but left representatives to rule in his name

96
Q

Jenne-Jeno

A

Important trading center along Niger river

97
Q

Griots

A

Storytellers in Africa whose role was to preserve much of the cultural heritage that would have been lost since most if these society’s did not have a system of writing

98
Q

Bantu

A

Migrated from west Africa into central and Southern Africa over more than a thousand years ago. They brought their agricultural economy as they migrated

99
Q

Batwa

A

Forest people whose culture survived contact with Bantu due to their cooperative response in trading goods with the migrating people

100
Q

Age Grades

A

Widespread practice in many African societies which divides people up into groups according to a three to five year range in age. Provided structure

101
Q

Mesoamerica

A

Territory in central and southern Mexico as well as Guatemala a And Belize where Olmecs and Maya lived

102
Q

Maya

A

Native American society which developed in Mesoamerica from about 300 to 900 CE. Controlled by a variety of city states, developed their own writing and calendars

103
Q

Tikal

A

Largest Mayan cities. Temple of the Great Jaguar : large pyramid and temple at top

104
Q

Teotihuacan

A

City in central Mexico, developed same time as Maya, largest city, pyramid of son and moon

105
Q

Chavin

A

Village in Andes mountains grew into a town due to location of treed routes linking the pacific coast to the amazon rain forest. Religious cult

106
Q

Moche

A

Cultivation that dominated perus coastline, warrior priests, jewelry sculpture and pottery

107
Q

Wari

A

Society that developed in the Peruvian Andes. Developed an agricultural system based on an elaborate system of hillside terracing and irrigation

108
Q

Tiwanaku

A

Society that dele oped in the Peruvian Andes and developed a system of agricultural systems based on raised fields and fitted stone walls

109
Q

Hopewell

A

Earthworks and burials in Ohio common network of trade routes

110
Q

Mound builders

A

Culture that dominated the eastern woodlands of NA. Agricultural hunting and gathering kept populations lower than normal

AP World History Vocab (3 decks)

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