Classification Flashcards
(22 cards)
Taxonomy
The science of classifying organisms.
Binomial Nomenclaure
(a two named- naming system) It is the system that is used to name organisms.
Why do we classify organisms?
- It lets the scientists see the information about the organisms and the relationships between them.
- It makes it easier for all scientists to communicate information about the organism.
Scientific name
It conveys a lot of information about the type of organism examined.
Universal name
It allow biologists to identify and record previously unrecorded organisms and avoid repetition and confusion.
Benefits of classification:
- Personal safety
- Quarantine
- Medicine
- Conservation
- Forensics
All living things:
- Collect or make energy for immediate or later use.
- Respond to stimuli
- Grow as it gets older
- Reproduce
- Passes on genetic information
- Produce waste
- Are made from cells
Identification can be based on a study of:
- A whole specimen
- Part of a specimen
- Fossils
- Microscopic fragments
- Genetic material
- Indirect evidence
Taxonomists look at:
- Homologous structures (very similar structure but may look different organisms)
- Analogous structures (different organisms that look similar, have similar functions but do not develop in the same way)
- Chemical tests
- Life studies
- Embryology
Levels of classification:
- Very large domains
- Groups or kingdoms
- Very small groups (species)
The three domains:
- Bacteria
- Archaea
- Eukaryotes
Binary fission
Form of mitosis
Photosynthetic
Make their own food
Halophiles
An organism that grows tolerant to saline conditions.
Thermophiles
An organism that grows best at higher temperatures.
Peptidoglycan
A substance forming the cell walls of many bacteria.
Pathogenic
A vast majority of bacteria are harmless although a few pathogenic bacteria can cause infectious diseases.
The Eukaryote 4 kingdoms:
- Plants
- Fungi
- Protists
- Animals
What are the different domains?
- Kingdom (Keep)
- Phylum (Pond)
- Class (Clean)
- Order (Or)
- Family (Froggy)
- Genus (Gets)
- Species (Sick)
Naming Organisms
The first word is the Genus (begins with a capital letter) and the second name is the species (begins with a small letter)
Dichotomous Key
It can be used as it has only two choices or alternatives for each characteristics. It is a yes or no answer.
Hybrids
The offspring of two plants or animals of different species or varieties such as a mule.
