Classification

Question 1

Name three benefits of a binomial naming system

Answer 1

Unambiguous naming
In latin and so can be understood all over the world
implies two species sharing a genus are similar

Question 2

What are the three domains

Answer 2

Archaea
Eubacteria
Eukaryota

Question 3

How are organisms sorted into domains

Answer 3

Biochemical analysis shows a distinct pattern of rRNA showing close evolutionary lines

Question 4

What are thermophile bacteria

Answer 4

Bacteria who thrive at high tmepertatures

Question 5

What are acidophile bacteria

Answer 5

Bacteria who thrive in low pH

Question 6

What are halophile bacteria

Answer 6

Bacteria who thrive in salty environments

Question 7

What are barophile bactera

Answer 7

Bacteria who thrive at high pressures

Question 8

Define a species

Answer 8

A group of organisms that can interbreed undre natural conditions and produce fertile offspring

Question 9

Define a phylum

Answer 9

A sub-group of a kingdom. Members of the same phylum have the same distinct body plan.

Question 10

Define a genus

Answer 10

A taxon containing species with many similarities but enough differences so they cannot produce fertile offspring with each other

Question 11

Name the five kingdoms

Answer 11

Plantae
Fungi
Animalia
Prokaryota
Protoctista

Question 12

Describe prokaryota

Answer 12

No nucleus, 70s ribosomes, murein cell wall

Question 13

Describe protoctista

Answer 13

Eukaryotic, single/multicellular, 80s ribosomes,

Question 14

Describe plantae

Answer 14

Eukaryotic, cellulose cell wall, organelles

Question 15

Describe fungi

Answer 15

Eukaryotic, 80s ribosomes, chitin cell wall, large vacuole

Question 16

Describe animalia

Answer 16

Eukaryotic, 80s ribosomes. nervous co-ordination, multicellular

Question 17

What is cyanobacteria

Answer 17

Blue/green algae that are microscopic and photosynthetic with the ability to remove nitrogen from the air

Question 18

Describe genetic fingerprinting

Answer 18

Samples of DNA can be isolated from an organism and amplified using PCR and compared to known samples

Question 19

Describe gel elctrophoresis

Answer 19

Separates DNA fragments of different sizes over a gel surface

Question 20

Describe DNA hybridisation

Answer 20

Extract DNA from two species and cut into fragments. Mix them and the more complimentary base pairs, the more similar the organism

Question 21

Describe immunology

Answer 21

Mix antigens of one species with antibodies of another they make a precipitate. The more precipitate the more similar the two species

Question 22

What are homologous structures

Answer 22

have a similar arrangement of a component but different functions

Question 23

What are analogous structures

Answer 23

Have similar components with the same function but different origins

Question 24

What is divergent evolution

Answer 24

a common ancestral structure evolves to perform different functions

Question 25

What is convergent evolution

Answer 25

structures evolve similar properties but different developmental origins

Question 26

What is a pentadactyl limb

Answer 26

A limb with five digits

Question 27

What is sexual dimorphism

Answer 27

two animals of the same species with morphological differences between the males and females

Question 28

What is the order of the taxons in classification

Answer 28

``` Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species ```