Classification and Diversity Flashcards
Organisms can be classified based on _________ _______
Physical similarities
Who developed the scientific naming system still used today?
Linnaeus
This is a group (level) of organisms in a classified system
Taxon
Two part naming system
Binomial nomenclature (the two parts are genus and species)
Species in the same genus are thought to be _________ ________
Closely related
Genus name is always _______
Capitalized
This is the second part of a scientific name, is always lowercase, and always follows genus
Species
How many levels does Linnaeus’ classification system have?
Seven (even level includes the level above it)
Why does the Linnaean classification system have limitations?
It doesn’t account for molecular evidence and is based on only physical similarities
What is modern classification based on?
Evolutionary relationships
What is classification based in common ancestry?
Cladistics
The evolutionary history for a group of species, (evidence, fossil record, molecular data)
Phylogeny
What is an evolutionary tree made using cladistics?
A cladogram
This is a group of species that shares a common ancestor
Clade
Traits shared in different degrees by clade members
Derived characters
More closely related species share more ________ _______
Derived characters
These represent the most recent common ancestor of a clade
Nodes
Molecular evidence reveals ________ ________
Species’ relatedness
These provide clues to evolutionary history by using mutations to estimate time
Molecular clocks
Mutations add up at ______ ________ _______ in related species
A constant rate
As more time passes, more ______ will take place
Mutations
Scientists estimate mutation rates by _______ ________ _______ _____ ________ ______
Linking molecular data and real time
Mitochondrial DNA and ribosomal RNA provide _____________
Two types of molecular clocks
Different molecules have different _________ ________
Mutation rates
