classification and evolution

Question 1

Why is classification a thing

Answer 1

To make the study of organisms more manageable
To make it easier to identify different species
To help us see the relationships between species

Question 2

What is the modern classificati0on hierarchy

Answer 2

Domain
Kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

Question 3

What is a domain

Answer 3

The highest level, arches eubacteria eukaryote

Question 4

What is a kingdom

Answer 4

there are 5 kingdoms:
plantae, Animalia, fungi,protoctista, porkaryotae

Question 5

What is a phylum

Answer 5

A major subdivision of the kingdom. Groups of organisms with the same body plan

Question 6

What is a class

Answer 6

Same general traits eg 8 legs

Question 7

What is order

Answer 7

A subdivision of the class using additional info eg meat eating

Question 8

What is family

Answer 8

A group of closely related organisms eg dogs

Question 9

What is a genus

Answer 9

Closely related species

Question 10

What is a species

Answer 10

All basically the same innit

Question 11

Rules for the binomial naming system

Answer 11

All italics or underlined
capital for the first letter of the first word

Question 12

What are the advantages of the binomial naming system

Answer 12

universal names across languages
allows similar organisms to be identified `

Question 13

What is a species

Answer 13

A group of organisms that can freely interbreed to produce fertile offspring

Question 14

What is the phylogenic definition for a species

Answer 14

a group of individual organisms that are very similar in appearance, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and genetics

Question 15

What are the characteristics of prokaryotae

Answer 15

No nucleus
Loop of dna
no membrane bound organelles
smalll ribosomes

Question 16

What are the characteristics protoctists

Answer 16

eukaryotic
mostly single celled
lots of variation

Question 17

What are the characteristics of fungi

Answer 17

eukaryotic
can be single or multicellular
chitin cell wall
extracellular digestion
spores

Question 18

What are the characteristics of plantae

Answer 18

Eukaryotic
multicellular
cellulose cell wall
contain chlorophyll

Question 19

What are the characteristics of animalia

Answer 19

Eukaryotic
multicellular
move around

Question 20

What is heterotrophic

Answer 20

digest larger molecules of food to make smaller absorbable ones

Question 21

what is convergent evolution

Answer 21

when 2 separate species develop the same characteristic due to being in the same environment

Question 22

how can we classify organisms even of they have conversantly evolved

Answer 22

by studying the biological molecules within them, eg gene sequencing

Question 23

What is cytochrome C

Answer 23

Used in the process of respiration all living organisms that respire must contain it.

Question 24

How can cytochrome C be used to identify organisms

Answer 24

The amino acid sequence of cytochrome C can be tested and if the sequence is the same the two species must be closely related

Question 25

what is the three domain classification system

Answer 25

three domains base on ribosomal RNA bacteria, archea , eulkaryota

Question 26

what is artificial classification

Answer 26

classification based on easy to observe feautures for example a guide of flowers may be organised not colours

Question 27

What is phylogeny

Answer 27

the study of the evolutionary relationships between species. It involves studying how closely different species Are related

Question 28

what is a common ancestor

Answer 28

A shared ansestor thaqt different species both descended from

Question 29

what did Darwin propose

Answer 29

natural selection

Question 30

what did Darwin notice

Answer 30

variation in organisms of the same species in different environmentsW

Question 31

what did Darwin concklude

Answer 31

that the environment influences the evolution of species

Question 32

What did Darwin observe

Answer 32

no tow organisms are identical offspring are similar to parents can shag a lot

Question 33

What is variation

Answer 33

the presence of difference between individuals

Question 34

what is variation inside a species

Answer 34

infraspecific variation

Question 35

what is variation between different species

Answer 35

interspecific variation

Question 36

what is continuous variation

Answer 36

most individuals are close to the mean value of variation but there are big extremes eg: most peen lenghth

Question 37

what is discontinuous variation

Answer 37

There are distinct groups of variation eg skin colour

Question 38

What is is inherited variation

Answer 38

the genes that we inherit from each parent and the combination of these cause variation ion offspring

Question 39

What is environmental variation

Answer 39

Characteristics that are effected by the environment eg, leafs bigger at the top of a free as they haven't been munched

Question 40

what is adaption

Answer 40

a variation that helps an organism to survive

Question 41

how is madam grass adapted

Answer 41

long roots- get deep water leafs curled - reduces sa exposed therefore reduces water loss hairy lower epidermis - retains water not many stomata- reduces water loss

Question 42

What is a behavioural adaption

Answer 42

ed worms contract and hide once touched. a behaviour that helps an organism to surviver

Question 43

how does natural selection work

Answer 43

mutation creates an alternative alleal This created genetic variation This becomes advantageous this particular organism survives and shags they pass on this adaption