Classification and evolution

Question 1

Explain the terms Biological classification and Phylogeny

Answer 1

Biological classification-The process of sorting living things into groups

Phylogeny-The study of the evolutionary relationships between organisms

Question 2

Explain the term Evolutionary distance

Answer 2

The distance to a common ancestor between two species

Question 3

What is the taxonomic hierarchy?

Answer 3

The 8 taxa that fully classify and animal:

Domain,
Kingdom,
Phylum,
Class,
Order,
Family,
Genus,
Species

Question 4

What are the three domains?

Answer 4

Bacteria (Eubacteria) - most common

Archaea (Archaebacteria) - rare and oldest, found in extremes

Eukaryotes (Animals, plants, fungi, protoctists)

Question 5

What are the 5 kingdoms?

Answer 5

Prokaryota (before nucleus)

Protoctista

Fungi

Plantae

Animalia

Question 6

What are the characteristic features of the Prokaryota?

Answer 6

Small cells,
They are bacteria and cyanobacteria,
Small ribosomes,
Aerobic respiration,
DNA not bound to histones or in chromosomes
No nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles

Question 7

What are the characteristic features of the Protoctista?

Answer 7

Eukaryotic,
No embryo stage,
Pretty much any other characteristic can apply

Question 8

What are the characteristic features of the Fungi?

Answer 8

Eukaryotic,
Heterotrophs (cannot make its own food)-Saprotrophic nutrition(feeds on dead matter),
Chitin cell walls,
Multicellular other types, with mycelium (body) and hyphae (threads)
Hyphae are multinucleated and infrequently divide into cells,

Question 9

What are the characteristic features of the Plantae?

Answer 9

Eukaryotic,
Multicellular,
Cellulose cell walls,
Have embryo cells (such as conkers),
Autotrophs - Photosynthesis via chloroplasts

Question 10

What are the characteristic features of the Animalia

Answer 10

Eukaryotic,
No cell wall,
Heterotrophic,
Multicellular,
Have nervous systems and move around (mostly),
Zygote develops into blastula

Question 11

What are common characteristics of the Eukaryota?

Answer 11

Have a nucleus,
Have membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria,
DNA bound around histones and into chromosomes,
Large ribosomes except in mitochondria