Classification And Evolution Flashcards
(22 cards)
Define classification
The process of naming and organising organism into groups based on their characteristics
What are the 8 groups of the taxonomic hierarchy
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
What are the two components to a binomial name
Generic name- the genus the organism belongs to. Always has a capital letter
Specific name- the species the organism belongs to.
What is an advantage of the binomial naming system
It is universal
What are the 5 kingdoms
Prokaryote, protoctista, fungi, plantae and animalia
What are the 3 domains
Bacteria, archaea and eukaryota
What is the difference between classification and phylogeny
Classification is sorting organisms into groups while phylogeny investigates the evolutionary relationships between organisms
Explain how natural selection results in evolution
Random mutations result in new alleles.
Some alleles provide an advantage against selective pressure, making it more likely to survive and reproduce
Their offspring receive the new allele
What causes variation
Genetic and environmental
What is variation
The difference between individuals
What is intraspecific variation
The differences between members of the same species
What is interspecific variation
Differences between members of different species
What is natural selection
The process by which the frequency of advantageous alleles gradually increases in a population’s gene pool
What is selection pressure
Environmental factors that drive evolution by natural selection and limit population sizes e.g. predation or disease
What is the difference between continuous and discontinuous variation
Continuous is when individuals in a population vary within a range e.g. mass or height, while discontinuous is when there is 2 or more distinct categories e.g. blood type
What are the 3 types of adaptations
Behavioural, physiological and anatomical
What does the term genetic drift mean
Random fluctuations in allele frequencies
What is genetic polymorphism
Presence of two or more distinct alleles
Which kingdoms are autotrophic
Protoctista, prokaryotae and plantae
What is convergent evolution
Organisms from different taxonomic groups that have similar anatomical adaptations. This can be due to similar selection pressures
What is an issue with phylogenetics
There is no cut off point to say how different two organisms have to be different species. E.g humans and chimps are different species
Why is it essential to use molecules such as DNA or cytochrome C when looking for evidence to be used in classification
This is so you can see how closely related these organisms are. Looking at dna will help as you can view how it is stored and the sequence of the dna bases.
