Classification and Phylogeny *IMPORTANT*

Question 1

Binomial Nomenclature

Answer 1

• Naming system established by Linnaeus
• A system that uses only the genus and the species names together
• Both names are underlined, but the genus is capitalized and the species name is not

Question 2

Derived Characteristics

Answer 2

Physical characteristics that have changed compared to what the ancestors had

Question 3

Primitive Characteristics

Answer 3

Physical characteristics that have remained the same from the original ancestor

Question 4

Analogous

Answer 4

Share a similar function
Ex: birds wings and insect wings are analogous to each other (same function, different origin)

Question 5

Homologous

Answer 5

Structures are similar cuz they came from the same origin
Ex: human forearms, and dog forearms

Question 6

Phylogeny

Answer 6

The evolutionary history of an organism

Question 7

Cladograms

Answer 7

• tree-shaped diagrams that show physical similarities between different species
• Contain clades and nodes which indicate common ancestors

Question 8

Phylogenetic Trees

Answer 8

Like a cladogram, but more based on genetic similarities

Question 9

Clade

Answer 9

a small group from one branch

Question 10

Node

Answer 10

Branching point (2 or more) commonly related ancestor

Question 11

Who can reproduce?

Answer 11

Only members of the same species can mate and reproduce with each other to produce fertile offspring