Classification and Transfer of Skills Flashcards
(37 cards)
characteristics of a skill
Coordinated- flowing fluid movement
efficient- no waste of energy and movement is effortless
aesthetic- movement is pleasing and looks good
pre-determined- the performer has a goal
consistent- can be repeated correctly
good technique- the movement follows an accepted correct technical model
controlled- performer has control over movement
learned- skill has been practised until retained in LTM (Long term memory)
Skill def
The learned ability to bring about a predetermined result with maximum certainty often with minimum outlay of time or energy or both.
Gross skills def and eg’s
Requires more muscle use
E.g.’s rugby tackle, sprint, weight lifting
Fine skills def and eg’s
usage of less muscles, need for more muscle control of small intricate and accurate movements.
e.g snooker, darts
What does Gross-fine continuum look at? 3 eg’s start, middle and end
muscular control
Gross —-> Fine
Rugby tackle– dribbling in footy– and darts
Externally paced skill def and E.g.
skill controlled by opposition/referee (external forces). The speed and precision which the skill is executed is controlled by the environment/ surroundings/ opposition and weather conditions
e.g. returning a tennis serve or receiving a penalty
Internally paced skill def and E.g.
self paced, the skill is controlled by you the performer. The rate of action controlled by the preformer.
e.g. making a tennis serve
darts
archery shot
what is the Externally paced-internally paces (self paced) continuum for? and 3 e.g.’s start middle and end
Tests how the skill is controlled whether it be by the opposition of you the athlete.
Returning a tennis serve
invasion games such as hockey/football kicking for territory in Rugby.
Making a tennis serve/ darts./archery shot
Discrete skill def and E.g.
Has a clear beginning and end to skill. Can be preformed by themselves with no linkage to other skills. The skill can be repeated but the performer must start it again.
e.g. Penalty in football,
Continuous skill def and e.g.
Cannot be split up into separate subroutines or easily distinguishable parts such as start and end.
Lasts a long time (as long as the performer wants)
e.g. running, swimming and cycling
Serial Skill def and e.g.
Individual discrete skills put together as subroutines to make a serial skill.
e.g. triple jump, hop step jump ! or dance routine
discrete- serial- continuous (continuity) continuum def and e.g.
Tests continuity/ fluidity of skill whether it has a beginning and end or just one continuous movement.
e.g. penalty in football, triple jump, running.
Open skill def and e.g.
Require perpetual monitoring, has no clear beginning end and are usually externally paced.
Occur in a unpredictable environment such as the opponents and team mates changing position half way through and you having to re-asses whilst dribbling/preforming skill.
e.g. dribbling football
Closed skill def and e.g.
Are pre-learned and habitual meaning you can do it over and over again
usually occur in the autonomous phase of learning
have no external requirements and have a clear beginning and end
they occur in a predictable environment
the technical requirements of the skill conform to a specific model
e.g. shott putt, javelin, football penalty
open-closed continuum def and e.g.
cross over with the self paced and externally paced continuum. Tests environments impact on outcome or skill. eg. the weather and opposition positions
e.g. dribbling, tennis stroke, javelin
Transfer definition
influence of one skill on the performance of another.
Positive transfer def and e.g.
Learning of skill is enhanced by learning of another skill.
e.g. shooting in netball and basketball/ throwing in cricket and rounders.
Negative transfer def and e.g.
Learning of a new skill is interfered with by knowledge of a similar activity.
e.g. flexible use of wrist needed in badminton interferes with the firm wrist required for tennis. netball vs handball shot/ rounders bat vs cricket bat holding and shot…
Zero transfer def and e.g.
No transfer at all.
e.g. hockey and weightlifting has zero transfer.
Proactive transfer def and e.g.
influence of one skill on a skill yet to be learnt in the future. e.g. foreword roll and tumble turn
retroactive transfer def and e.g.
influence of one skill on a skill that has previously been learnt.
e.g. a hockey player learns a flick pass which negatively effects the athletes already learnt push pass which may be lifted unnecessarily by accident.
bilateral transfer (limb to limb) def and e.g.
Transfer takes place from one limb to another, also may be called lateralisation.
e.g. player learns to kick ball with right foot and then left foot also (non-preferred foot) the action (kick from left) is learnt due to knowledge from brain of kick from right foot (preferred foot)
What is a key strategy for optimising transfer of learning in coaching?
Use a variety of practices and drills to enhance skill transfer.
