Classification, Evolution and Biodiversity

Question 1

What is classification?

Answer 1

The act of arranging organisms into groups based on similarities and differences

Question 2

What is taxonomy?

Answer 2

The study of classification

Question 3

What are the 3 domains?

Answer 3

Archaeology, Bacteria and Eukarya

Question 4

What are the 5 kingdoms?

Answer 4

Prokaryota
Protoctista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

Question 5

What is the order of taxonomic rank?

Answer 5

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 6

What are some characteristics of fungi?

Answer 6

• Chitin cell wall
• Eukaryotic

Question 7

What does saprotrophic mean?

Answer 7

Absorbs organic matter

Question 8

What is variation?

Answer 8

The differences that exist between individuals

Question 9

What does autotrophic mean?

Answer 9

Makes its own food

Question 10

What does heterotrophic mean?

Answer 10

Consumes plants and animals
(Omnivores)

Question 11

What are some characteristics of plantae?

Answer 11

Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Cellulose wall
Chlorophyll + Photosynthesis

Question 12

What 2 taxonomic ranks are used on the binomial naming system?

Answer 12

Genus + Species

Question 13

Why is the binomial naming system used?

Answer 13

To avoid confusion between languages

Question 14

What is phylogeny?

Answer 14

The study of the evolutionary history of groups of organisms

Question 15

What is a species?

Answer 15

The smallest group that shares a common ancestor

Question 16

How can anatomical evidence be used in classification?

Answer 16

Similarities in structure and function of body parts

Question 17

How can molecular evidence be used to classify species?

Answer 17

Similarities in proteins and DNA

Question 18

Give 2 ways in which scientists can confirm decisions on classification

Answer 18

• Publishing in journals
• New technologies

Question 19

What is continuous variation?

Answer 19

When individuals of a population vary within a range

Question 20

What is intraspecific variation?

Answer 20

Variation within a species

Question 21

What is interspecific variation?

Answer 21

Variation between different species

Question 22

Give some examples of discontinuous variation

Answer 22

Blood type, antibiotic resistance

Question 23

Define discontinuous variation

Answer 23

When there are 2 or more distinct categories that individuals fall into

Question 24

State 2 factors that affect variation

Answer 24

Genes and/or environment

Question 25

What is a genotype?

Answer 25

The alleles possessed by an individual

Question 26

What is a phenotype?

Answer 26

Characteristics displayed

Question 27

How can environmental factors cause variation?

Answer 27

Height can be affected by availability of nutrients

Question 28

What does standard deviation tell you?

Answer 28

The variation within a sample

Question 29

What is a behavioural adaption?

Answer 29

Ways an organism acts to increases chances of survival

Question 30

What are physiological adaptions?

Answer 30

Processes in a organism that increase its chance of survival

Question 31

What are anatomical adaptions?

Answer 31

Structural features of an organism's body that increase its chance of survival

Question 32

Explain the Theory of Evolution

Answer 32

- Individuals within a population show variation - Selection pressures kill off poorly adapted organisms - Best adapted individuals survive and pass on genes

Question 33

Describe how fossil records support Darwin's Theory of Evolution

Answer 33

They show gradual changes in organisms over time

Question 34

How can DNA/proteins provide evidence for the Theory of Evolution?

Answer 34

- Species that diverged a long time ago will have less similar DNA/amino acid sequences

Question 35

Define biodiversity

Answer 35

The variety of living organisms in an area

Question 36

What is a species?

Answer 36

A group of similar organisms able to reproduce to give fertile offspring

Question 37

What is a habitat?

Answer 37

The area inhabited by a species

Question 38

What are the 3 types of biodiversity?

Answer 38

Habitat, Species and Genetic

Question 39

What is genetic biodiversity?

Answer 39

The variation of alleles within a species

Question 40

What is habitat biodiversity?

Answer 40

The no. of different habitats in an area

Question 41

What is a benefit of using random sampling?

Answer 41

Avoids bias in results

Question 42

Why might non-random sampling be necessary?

Answer 42

If there is a wide variety or distribution of a factor

Question 43

What is systematic sampling?

Answer 43

When samples are taken at random intervals

Question 44

What are the 3 types of non-random sampling?

Answer 44

Systematic, Opportunistic, Stratified

Question 45

What is opportunistic sampling?

Answer 45

When samples are chosen by the investigator

Question 46

What is stratified sampling?

Answer 46

When different areas are sampled in proportion to their area in a habitat

Question 47

What is the difference between species richness and eveness?

Answer 47

Richness - The no. of different species in an area Evenness - The relative abundance of each species in an area

Question 48

For Simpson's index of diversity, what does a value CLOSER to 1 mean?

Answer 48

More diverse

Question 49

Why is it important to monitor genetic diversity?

Answer 49

To ensure that organisms will be able to adapt

Question 50

How has human population growth affected global biodiversity?

Answer 50

Over exploitation, habitat destruction, pollution

Question 51

How has agriculture harmed global biodiversity?

Answer 51

- Monoculture leads to decline in biodiversity - Habitat loss - Destruction of local species

Question 52

How has climate change affected global biodiversity?

Answer 52

- Disrupted weather patterns - Climate change may destroy some habitats - Species may be forced to migrate, reducing biodiversity ITA

Question 53

Give three reasons why biodiversity is important

Answer 53

- To protect species - Maintaining resources - Aesthetic reasons

Question 54

Why is it important for biodiversity to protect species?

Answer 54

- Organisms are interdependent - Loss of a species disrupts food chains and nuntrients cycles

Question 55

Why is it important for biodiversity to maintain resources?

Answer 55

- Different species provide us with a variety of products eg. Food, Drugs - Resources are important for global trade

Question 56

Economically, why is it important to protect natural areas?

Answer 56

- Areas rich in biodiversity are attractive places - More visitors = More economic benefits

Question 57

What is in situ conservation?

Answer 57

On site e.g. nature reserves

Question 58

Give 2 advantages of in situ conservation

Answer 58

- Both species and habitat are conserved - Less disruptive to ecosystem

Question 59

State one problem with in situ conservation

Answer 59

Can be hard to control/protect against threats

Question 60

Give 2 examples of ex situ conservation

Answer 60

Seed banks, Captive breeding

Question 61

State 2 disadvantages with ex situ conservation

Answer 61

- Difficult and expensive to do effectively - Many species can't adapt to new environment

Question 62

Give 2 aims of the Rio Convention on Biological Diversity

Answer 62

- Aims to develop strategies for conservation and sustainability - Provide guidance to governments

Question 63

What are 3 aims of CITES?

Answer 63

- To regulate trade of animals - Illegal to kill endangered species - Raise awareness of threats of biodiversity

Question 64

What is the main goal of the Countryside Stewardship Scheme?

Answer 64

- Aims to conserve wildlife and extend habitats - Grassy margins, hedgerow regeneration