CLASSIFICATION OF APHASIA SYNDROMES

Question 1

General characteristics on spoken language
in aphasia
5 types of inappropriate use of language

Answer 1

• Inadequate or inappropriate use of language through speech is the most readily observed
• _anomia__________: word finding difficulty
• _paraphasia__________: incorrect word substitution
• __circumlocution_____________: talk around the target word
• ____agrammatism___________: inadequate sentence formulation
• ___jarson________: lengthy, fluently articulated utterance which
  makes little or no sense to the listener

Question 2

General characteristics on spoken language
in aphasia
* Repetitive phenomena
4

Answer 2

• Repetitive phenomena in the spontaneous speech of aphasia
• __preservation ___________: an inappropriate recurrence or repetition of a
  previously produced response in place of the target item
• Echolalia: repeating noises and words that a person hears
• Immediate
• Delay
• Verbal stereotypy: very restricted form of expression as it is
  used repeatedly by a patient
• Logorrhea: excessive wordiness and repetitiveness
• Characterized by constant need to talk
• Normal prosody and a slightly fast speech rate

Question 3

General characteristics on spoken language
in aphasia (contd.)
* different types of paraphasias

Answer 3

• Word choice errors (utterances are devoid of meaning)
• Paraphasias: errors in producing specific words
• Semantic/verbal paraphasia: substituting words similar in meaning (e.g,
  “barn” - ”house”)
• Phonemic/literal paraphasia: substituting words similar in sound (e.g,
  ”house” – “mouse”)
• Neologisms (neologistic paraphasia): nonwords – “neo” = newly, made-
  up words
• Random: unrelated words

Question 4

Jargon

Answer 4

• Jargon: Fluent, prosodically correct output, resembling English
  syntax and inflection, but containing largely meaningless speech
• Neologistic jargon consists of neologistic paraphasias
• Semantic jargon consists of unrelated semantic paraphasias

Question 5

Non-propositional (automatic) speech and
singing

Answer 5

• With aphasia, overlearned, routinized language can
  be preserved: formulaic language and automatic
  speech
• Counting, reciting days of week/months
• Conversational expressions e.g., How are you doing, Have
  a good day
• Pause fillers e.g., oh, um, yeah
• Expletives
• Idioms/proverbs
• Singing may also be preserved

Question 6

Classification systems
Locations
And

Four criteria for classification

Answer 6

• Classification by location of lesion in dominant
  hemisphere
• Anterior vs. posterior regions
• Perisylvian vs. extraperisylvian
• Four criteria for classification
• Auditory comprehension
• Fluency
• Naming
• Repetition

Question 7

Fluent Aphasia

Answer 7

• Fluent speech but difficulties arise in
  auditory/verbal comprehension
• Utterance length approximates normal (around
  seven words per utterance)
• _function_________ words used more appropriately than
  __content ________ words
• Relatively normal prosody, articulation intact

Question 8

Fluent Aphasias
Types

Answer 8

• Wernicke’s aphasia
• Anomic aphasia
• Conduction aphasia
• Transcortical sensory
  aphasia

Question 9

Nonfluent Aphasias

Answer 9

• Reduced utterance length -
• Agrammatic
• Relatively spared comprehension, but NOT for
  highly complex syntactic/sentential forms
• Often accompanied by verbal apraxia
• Some preservation of “automatic”/formulaic language
   may be related to “islands of clear speech”

Question 10

Nonfluent Aphasias
Types

Answer 10

• Broca’s aphasia
• Transcortical motor aphasia
• Mixed transcortical aphasia
• Global aphasia