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Y2 Haematology > Classification Of Neoplasms > Flashcards

Classification Of Neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

Describe features of a benign neoplasm?

A

Encapsulated
Non invasive
Highly differentiated
Few mitosis figures
Slow growth
Little anaplasia
Non-metastatic

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2
Q

Describe features of a malignant neoplasm?

A

Non encapsulated
Invasive
Poorly differentiated
Mitotic figures common
Rapid growth
Anaplastic
Metastatic

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3
Q

What kind of epithelium is there and the cancers associated with it?

A

Glandular: Adenoma —> adenocarcinoma
Squamous: papilloma —> squamous cell carcinoma

Squamous - mouth, cervix, lung, oesophagus
Glandular - lungs, stomach colon

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4
Q

Describes types of connective tissues and their malignancy?

A

Adipose: lipoma —> liposarcoma
Nervous tissue: neurofibroma—> neurofibrosarcoma
Smooth muscle: leiomyoma —> leiomyosarcoma

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5
Q

Germ cell, haematopoietic and melanocytes cells and cancers?

A
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6
Q

TNM classification for cancer?

A

TNM

T - tumour localised
N - nodal involvement
M - distant mets

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7
Q

Other cancer classifications?

A

WHO - all tissues
FIGO - gynaecological cancers

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8
Q

How to classify haematopoietic and lymphoid tumours?

A

By lineage: myeloid/ lymphoid/ histiocytic/ mast cell
Location: nodal/extranodal/BM/peripheral blood

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9
Q

Difference between leukaemias and lymphomas?

A

Leukaemia: widespread involvement of bone marrow/ tumour cells in peripheral blood

Lymphomas: discrete tumour masses/ may involve bone marrow/ not usually in peripheral blood

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10
Q

Describe AML (acute myeloid leukaemia)?

A

Expansion of myeloid blasts in peripheral blood, bone marrow, other tissues
Male
Elderly
Children <15 yrs (3-4yrs common)

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11
Q

Describe chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)?

A

Granulocytes
On Philadelphia chromosome

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12
Q

Describe lymphomas?

A

Some single transformed cell
Classified into H and NH
Classified as low and high grade
Classified into B, T, NK cell

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13
Q

Two types of H lymphoma?

A

Nodular lymphocyte predominant HL
Classic HL: nodular HL, lymphocyte-rich, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte-depleted

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14
Q

What is the classic cell in Hodgkin lymphoma?

A

OWL like cell - Reed-Sternberg cell
Binucleated cells

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15
Q

What’s the classic cell in Hodgkin nodular lymphocyte predominant?

A

The popcorn cell - mono-nucleated cell

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16
Q

Describe the NH follicular lymphoma?

A

Widespread lymphadenopathy
Mean age 60 yrs
Over expression of bcl-2 protein (translocation) so reduced apoptosis and increased Neoplastic growth
Can be low, med or high grade

17
Q

Virus associated with diffuse large B cell lymphoma?

A

Link to EBV

18
Q

Describe MALT lymphoma?

A

History of chronic inflammation disorder
Infection, autoimmunity
H pylori and gastric MALT

19
Q

Describe lymphoproliferative disorders in immunosuppressed?

A

Primary immune disorders

Y2 Haematology (23 decks)

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