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ME2019 PART 2 > Classification of Pathogenic Bacteria 2 > Flashcards

Classification of Pathogenic Bacteria 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different priorities of bacterial infection?

A

Priority 1 (critical)

Priority 2 (high)

Priority 3 (medium)

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2
Q

What is the classification of gram negative bacteria?

A

Aerobic (strict)
Bacalli

Aerobic
Cocci
Bacalli

Microaerophilic
Bacalli

Anaerobic (strict)
Cocci
Bacalli

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3
Q

What are examples of gram negative bacteria?

A

Neisseria spp (neisseria meningitides and neisseria gonorrhoeae)

Moraxella catarrhalis

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4
Q

What does neisseria meningitides cause?

A

Meningitis

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5
Q

What is meningitis?

A

Inflammation of the meninges and septicaemia

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6
Q

What does neisseria gonorrhoeae cause and how is it spread?

A

Causes urethritis in men and pelvic inflammation in woman

Spead by sexual contact

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7
Q

What does moraxella cartarrhalis cause?

A

Respiratory tract infection

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8
Q

What are coliforms?

A

Organisms in the family enterobacteriacae

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9
Q

Where are coliforms found?

A

Commensals in the large intestine

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10
Q

What is a useful test to classify a gram negative bacalli?

A

Lactose fermentation

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11
Q

What are some bacteria from the enterobacteriaceae family?

A

Esherichia coli (E coli)

Salmonella spp

Salmonella typhi

Shigella spp

Klebsiella spp

Proteus spp

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12
Q

What does escherchia coli cause?

A

Urinary tract infections

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13
Q

What is special about salmonella spp?

A

Does not ferment lactose

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14
Q

What does salmonella typhi cause?

A

Typhoid fever

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15
Q

What does shigella spp cause?

A

Diarrhoea

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16
Q

What does klebsiella spp cause?

A

Urinary tract infection and hospital acquired pneumonia

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17
Q

What does proteus spp cause?

A

Urinary tract infection

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18
Q

What are examples of curved (bacalli) bacteria?

A

Compylobacter spp

Helocibacter spp

Haemophilus influenza

Pseudomonas spp

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19
Q

What does compylobacter cause and how is it spread?

A

Diarrhoea and is spread by faecal oral route

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20
Q

What does helocibacter pylori do?

A

Damages mucosa

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21
Q

What does haemophilius influenza cause?

A

Respiratory tract infection

22
Q

What does pseudomonas cause?

A

Hospital acquried sepsis

23
Q

What are anaerobes often part of?

A

Polymicrobial infection

24
Q

What are examples of anaerobes?

A

Bacteriodes spp

Prevotella

Porphyromonas

25
Q

What does bacteriodes spp cause?

A

Intra-abdominal abscess

26
Q

What does prevotella cause and how is it spread?

A

Aspiration pneumonia and is spread by human and animal bites

27
Q

What is miscellaneous bacteria?

A

Bacteria that cannot be stained with Gram’s staining method or cultured by standard methods

28
Q

What are examples of miscellaneous bacteria?

A

Mycobacterium spp

Spriochaetes

Chlamydia/Chlamydophilia

29
Q

What is mycrobacterium spp?

A

Acid and alcohol fast bacalli

30
Q

What is a feature of acid and alcohol fast bacalli like mycobacterium spp?

A

Resistant to decolourisation by acid or alcohol after staining with carbo fushsin

31
Q

What can mycobacterium spp be identified by?

A

ZN or auramine phenol (screening)

32
Q

What does ZN or auramine phenol not identify?

A

The species of mycobacterium

33
Q

What is required to identify species?

A

Culture

34
Q

What does mycrobacterium tuberculosis cause?

A

Tuberculosis

35
Q

What is non-tuberculosis mycobacteria known as?

A

Atypical mycobacteria

36
Q

What is an atypical mycobacteria and what does it cause?

A

Mycobacteria leprae which cause leprosy, it cannot be cultured

37
Q

What is spirochaetes?

A

Long spiral shaped bacteria that cannot be easily visualised by light microscopy and is difficult to culture

38
Q

What are types of spirochaetes?

A

Traponema pallidum

Borrelia burgdorferi

Leptospira interrogans

39
Q

What does treponema pallidum cause?

A

Syphilis

40
Q

What does burgdorferi cause?

A

Lyme disease

41
Q

What does leptospira interrogans cause?

A

Leprosy

42
Q

What are the 2 types of syphilis?

A

Primary (non painful skin lesions at the site of infection)

Secondary (generalises systematic illness and rash)

43
Q

What kind of phase does syphilis have and how is it diagnosed?

A

A latent phase

It is diagnosed by serology

44
Q

What is lyme disease transmitted by?

A

Ticks

45
Q

What are the different stages of lyme disease?

A

Stage 1 (skin rash at site of bite)

Stage 2 (systematic illness with cardiac or neurological or musculoskeletal symptoms)

Stage 3 (chronic disease)

46
Q

What is leptospirosis transmitted by?

A

Urine and other body fluids

47
Q

What are different species of chlamydia?

A

Chlamydophilia pneumaniae

Chlamydophilia psittaci

Chlamydophilia trachomatis

48
Q

What does Chlamydophilia pneumaniae cause?

A

Respiratory infection

49
Q

What does Chlamydophilia psittaci cause?

A

Respiratory infection

50
Q

What does Chlamydophilia trachomatis cause?

A

Genetial tract infection

51
Q

What is chlamydia diagnosed by?

A

Serology

52
Q

What is the relationship between chlamydia and agar?

A

It does not grow in agar

ME2019 PART 2 (45 decks)

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