Classification of Tissues

Question 1

Cells group together with one another based on similar structure and function

Answer 1

Tissues

Question 2

The study of tissue is called

Answer 2

Histology

Question 3

What are the four basic types of tissues?

Answer 3

epithelium, connective, muscular, nervous

Question 4

Tissue that lines and covers surfaces.

Answer 4

Epithelium

Question 5

Tissue that protects, supports, and binds together

Answer 5

Connective tissue

Question 6

Tissue that produces movement

Answer 6

Muscular tissue

Question 7

Tissue that receives stimuli and conduct impulses

Answer 7

Nervous tissue

Question 8

What are the purposes of epithelium?

Answer 8

protection, absorption, excretion, secretion, filtration, and sensory reception

Question 9

Epithelium is arranged so there is one free surface (____________) and one attached surface (_____________)

Answer 9

apical surface, basal surface

Question 10

Cells in epithelium fit closely together side by side and sometimes atop each other to form sheets of cells. These sheets are held together by ______________.

Answer 10

specialized junctions

Question 11

Epithelium is supported by ___________ tissue.

Answer 11

connective

Question 12

Attachment to a layer of connective tissue at the basal surface forms a layer called the _________________, an adhesive layer formed by secretions from the epithelial cells and the connective tissue cells.

Answer 12

basement membrane

Question 13

Epithelium is ________, meaning it typically lacks its own blood supply.

Answer 13

avascular

Question 14

It is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue type found in the human body.

Answer 14

Connective tissue

Question 15

Connective tissues tend to be very __________ (have a rich blood supply).

Answer 15

vascular

Question 16

Exceptions in connective tissues that are vascular are ____________, __________, __________.

Answer 16

tendons, ligaments, cartilage

Question 17

Connective tissues contain a large amount of non-living material referred to as the _________.

Answer 17

matrix

Question 18

Matrix in connective tissue is composed of __________and ___________.

Answer 18

ground substance, fibers

Question 19

The body is protected externally by one of its largest organs called

Answer 19

skin or integument

Question 20

The skin is formed by three distinctive layers.

Answer 20

epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis

Question 21

This is the outer layer of the skin.

Answer 21

epidermis

Question 22

This is the middle layer of the skin.

Answer 22

dermis

Question 23

This is the subcuntaneous layer and the innermost layer of the skin.

Answer 23

hypodermis

Question 24

Layer of skin that is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 24

Epidermis

Question 25

The epidermis is arranged into five layers:

Answer 25

Stratum corneum Stratum lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale

Question 26

outermost layer of flattened, dead cells

Answer 26

Stratum corneum

Question 27

thin, translucent layer found only in thick areas of the skin

Answer 27

Stratum lucidum

Question 28

names for the abundance of granules present. Upper boundary of this layer is where cells begin to die

Answer 28

Stratum granulosum-

Question 29

layer where cells divide rapidly. Usually one of the thicker layers of the epidermis.

Answer 29

Stratum spinosum

Question 30

the lowest layer of the skin. Attached to the dermis where it forms a basement membrane. Cells are constantly dividing to produce new cells

Answer 30

Stratum basale

Question 31

Layer of skin that is composed of dense irregular connective tissue.

Answer 31

Dermis

Question 32

projections or ridges that arise from the dermis that serve as attachment points for the epidermis

Answer 32

Dermal papillae

Question 33

The layer of the skin that is composed of adipose tissue.

Answer 33

Hypodermis

Question 34

produces sweat (mixture of water, salts, and urea) that acts to cool the body.

Answer 34

Eccrine gland

Question 35

produce sebum (oil) to help keep the skin soft and pliable.

Answer 35

Sebaceous gland

Question 36

It is associated with pain sensation; located in near dermal papillae

Answer 36

Free nerve endings

Question 37

touch receptors- associated with tactility; located in near dermal papillae

Answer 37

Meissner's corpuscle

Question 38

pressure receptors; located deep within dermis at the boundary of the dermis and hypodermis.

Answer 38

Pacinian corpuscle

Question 39

muscle that pulls up hair follicle leading to goose flesh or “goose bumps”

Answer 39

Arrector pili

Question 40

It means a portion of an organism that is capable of developing or growing into a new part or a new whole

Answer 40

germ or germinate

Question 41

A germ layer is a collection of cells that are formed during ______________ or during the phases of reproductive development.

Answer 41

embryogenesis

Question 42

When the male sperm cell unites with the female egg cell this creates a fertilized egg cell, also called a ____________.

Answer 42

zygote

Question 43

Immediately after this time, the rapid process of cell multiplication begins, as 2 cells become 4, become 8, and onward, until a hollow ball of cells called the _____________ is generated

Answer 43

blastula

Question 44

From the blastula comes the _________, which is like is a hollow horseshoe-shaped structure that has the start of three distinct cell layers

Answer 44

gastrula

Question 45

Finally, there is the formation of the __________ (also called the yolk sac) upon which the three primary germ layers can be located.

Answer 45

embryo

Question 46

Humans are _________-, that is, they have a body that is derived from three embryonic cell layers

Answer 46

triploblastic

Question 47

What are the three primary germ layers?

Answer 47

endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm

Question 48

It is found in the innermost potion of the embryo.

Answer 48

Endoderm

Question 49

It is found in the middle potion of the embryo.

Answer 49

Mesoderm

Question 50

It is found in the outermost potion of the embryo.

Answer 50

Ectoderm

Question 51

Most of this epithelial tissue is comprised of cells, with very little extracellular material; this is what the term ‘___________' refers to.

Answer 51

cellularity

Question 52

Types of attachments in epithelial tissues

Answer 52

1. Tight Junctions 2. Desmosomes 3. Hemidesmosomes 4. Gap Junctions

Question 53

fibrous attachments to neighboring cells at the apical end of the exposed cell layer. It is like a zip-lock seal that goes all the way around the top end of the tissue. Its role is to restrict the passage of unwanted substances (e.g., bacteria or fungi) into the body in between adjacent cells

Answer 53

Tight Junctions

Question 54

These are also fibrous (collagen) attachments to neighboring cells, but these are located at the basal end of the cell layer, near basement membrane. These are more like ‘spot-welds’, they do not go around the entire cell continuously but are more sporadically located. Their role is to provide mechanical support during distention of the tissue, so cells remain attached to each other at the basal end.

Answer 54

Desmosomes

Question 55

fibrous attachments of basal epithelial cells to the underlying basement membrane. Their role is to anchor these deepest basal cells to the basement membrane.

Answer 55

Hemidesmosomes

Question 56

These are little protein channels that provide an open conduit from one neighboring cell to another. This allows for cell to cell communication via ions or other substances.

Answer 56

Gap Junctions

Question 57

What are the two layers of basement membrane?

Answer 57

basal lamina and reticular lamina

Question 58

What are the two layers of basal lamina?

Answer 58

lamina lucida and lamina densa

Question 59

basement membrane that is made by epithelia tissue

Answer 59

basal lamina

Question 60

basement membrane that is made by the connective tissue

Answer 60

reticular lamina

Question 61

the clear layer of basal lamina, which is closer to the epithelium

Answer 61

lamina lucida

Question 62

the dense layer of basal lamina, which is closer to the connective tissue

Answer 62

lamina densa

Question 63

Epithelium that is found in glands that secrete substances.

Answer 63

Glandular Epithelia

Question 64

What are the two types of glands that secrete substances?

Answer 64

Endocrine and exocrine

Question 65

gland that secretes hormones directly into body fluids, usually blood.

Answer 65

Endocrine

Question 66

gland that secretes products by way of duct onto an exposed surface.

Answer 66

Exocrine

Question 67

secretion of exocrine glands by exocytosis (of vesicles), cell stays intact

Answer 67

Merocrine

Question 68

Mode of secretion of exocrine glands wherein exocytosis of thicker, lipid-rich product (tip of the gland is shed).

Answer 68

Apocrine

Question 69

mode of secretion of exocrine glands wherein vesicles accumulate and the entire cell is shed as a product.

Answer 69

Holocrine