Connective Tissue

Question 1

What are the four types of connective tissues found in the human body?

Answer 1

1. Connective tissue proper
2. Cartilage
3. Bone
4. Blood

Question 2

What are the two connective tissue proper?

Answer 2

1. Loose Connective Tissue
2. Dense Connective Tissue

Question 3

What are loose connective tissues?

Answer 3

a. Areolar
b. Adipose
c. Reticular

Question 4

What are the dense connective tissues?

Answer 4

a. Dense regular
b. Dense irregular
c. Elastic

Question 5

What are the cartilages?

Answer 5

1. Hyaline
2. Elastic
3. Fibrocartilage

Question 6

Many cell types in connective tissue can also change and become more specialized in structure and function during developmental phases – a term referred to as ______________.

Answer 6

differentiation

Question 7

There is one type of connective tissue that is avascular (has no blood supply, like epithelial tissue) and that is __________.

Answer 7

cartilage

Question 8

What are the classification of connective tissues?

Answer 8

1. Fluid connective tissues
2. Connective tissue proper
3. Supporting connective tissue

Question 9

These are the fluid connective tissues

Answer 9

blood and lymph

Question 10

These are the connective tissue proper

Answer 10

loose and dense

Question 11

These are the supporting connective tissue

Answer 11

bone and cartilage

Question 12

What are the three kinds of fibers that are made within connective tissue?

Answer 12

1. Collagen
2. Reticular
3. Elastic

Question 13

thick, strong and unbranched. White in body, stains pink and blue in histology.

Answer 13

Collagen

Question 14

very thin (collagen), fine, branching (‘network’) and flexible.

Answer 14

Reticular

Question 15

made of elastin, recoils after stretching. Yellow in body, stains dark in histology.

Answer 15

Elastic

Question 16

The most common components of connective tissue ground substance

Answer 16

1. hyaluronic acid
2. mucopolysaccharides
3. glycosaminoglycans

Question 17

It is the substance that is responsible for the ‘rubbery’ quality of cartilage.

Answer 17

Chondroitin

Question 18

Loose connective tissue that contains both collagen, elastic and reticular fibers.

Answer 18

Areolar

Question 19

Loose connective tissue (fat tissue) consist of large cells almost entirely filled with fat vacuole (filled with triglycerides) and with very little cellular material visible.

Answer 19

Adipose

Question 20

Loose connective tissue that forms a supportive network around other cells in organs.

Answer 20

Reticular

Question 21

Dense connective tissue has collagen fibers aligned and tightly bundled like fibers in thread or rope and is consequently very strong. Overall appearance may be wavy.

Answer 21

Dense Regular Tissue

Question 22

Dense connective tissue is similar in substance to dense regular but has no particular orientation to the fibers which makes it strong in several directions.

Answer 22

Dense Irregular Tissue

Question 23

Dense connective tissue that has additional elastic fibers and thus has elasticity in addition to strength.

Answer 23

Dense Elastic Tissue

Question 24

Both bone and cartilage characteristically have ________ in which chondrocytes or osteocytes as the case may be, reside.

Answer 24

lacunae

Question 25

It is the cartilage that has ‘glassy’ smooth matrix and may appear ‘texture-less’.

Answer 25

Hyaline

Question 26

It is the cartilage that has dark, stringy elastic fibers within the matrix.

Answer 26

Elastic

Question 27

It is the cartilage that has thick, wavy collagen fibers and fewer chondrocytes.

Answer 27

Fibrocartilage

Question 28

Bone in which osteons looks like tree rings or targets.

Answer 28

Compact Bone

Question 29

Bone that has trabeculae, which resembles scaffolding (with blood cells).

Answer 29

Spongy Bone

Question 30

These are the four membranes

Answer 30

1. Cutaneous 2. Serous 3. Mucous 4. Synovial

Question 31

This makes up skin, secretes sweat and oil. This is the only "dry" membrane.

Answer 31

Cutaneous

Question 32

This membrane lines sealed cavities within body and produces thin, slippery, watery serous fluid.

Answer 32

Serous

Question 33

This membrane lines open or exposed passageways and cavities and secretes thick, sticky mucus.

Answer 33

Mucous

Question 34

This membrane lines joint cavities and produces viscous synovial fluid.

Answer 34

Synovial

Question 35

These are the connective tissue framework of the body

Answer 35

1. Superficial Fasciae 2. Deep Fasciae 3. Subserous Fasciae

Question 36

This delicate connective tissue just deep to the true skin. It is also known as hypodermis or subcutaneous. Consists mainly of areolar and adipose tissue.

Answer 36

Superficial Fasciae

Question 37

(Connective Tissue Framework) layers of collagenous tissue surrounding and separating muscles.

Answer 37

Deep Fasciae

Question 38

(Connective Tissue Framework) found under the epithelial lining of serous membranes.

Answer 38

Subserous Fasciae

Question 39

Description: Gel-like matrix with all three fiber types; cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and some white blood cells. Function: Wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid. Location Widely distributed under epithelia of body, e.g., forms lamina propria of mucous membranes; packages organs; surrounds capillaries

Answer 39

Areolar

Question 40

Description: Matrix as in areolar, but very sparse; closely packed adipocytes, or fat cells, have nucleus pushed to the side by large fat droplet. Function: Provides reserve food fuel; insulates against heat loss; supports and protects organs Location Under skin; around kidneys and eyeballs; within abdomen; in breasts

Answer 40

Adipose

Question 41

Description: Network of reticular fibers in a typical loose ground substance; reticular cells lie on the network. Function: Fibers form a soft internal skeleton (stroma) that supports other cell types including white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages. Location: Lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen)

Answer 41

Reticular

Question 42

Description: Primarily parallel collagen fibers; a few elastin fibers; major cell type is the fibroblast. Function: Attaches muscles to bones or to muscles; attaches bones to bones; withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction. Location: Tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses

Answer 42

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Question 43

Description: Primarily irregularly arranged collage fibers; some elastic fibers; major cell type is the fibroblast Function: Able to withstand tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength. Location; Dermis of the skin; submucosa of digestive tract; fibrous capsules of organs and of joints.

Answer 43

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Question 44

Description: Amorphous but firm matrix; collagen fibers form an imperceptible network; chondroblasts produce the matrix and when mature (chondrocytes) lie in lacunae Function: Supports and reinforces; has resilient cushioning properties; resists compressive stress. Location: Forms most of the embryonic skeleton; covers the ends of long bones in joint cavities; forms costal cartilages of the ribs; cartilages of the nose, trachea, and larynx

Answer 44

Hyaline Cartilage

Question 45

These are the fiber-producing cells

Answer 45

fibroblasts

Question 46

The hyaline cartilage will have a smooth, _________ (no form) matrix with cells suspended within it.

Answer 46

amorphous

Question 47

The matrix is compact fibers of collagen and the cells producing the matrix are called _____________.

Answer 47

chondrocytes

Question 48

Chondrocytes are contained within tiny chambers called ___________ (“little lakes”).

Answer 48

lacunae

Question 49

Description: Similar to hyaline cartilage, but more elastic fibers in matrix. Function: Maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility. Location: Supports the external ear (pinna); epiglottis

Answer 49

Elastic Cartilage

Question 50

Fibrocartilage is found forming the intervertebral discs in the spinal column, the _________________, and in the discs of the knee

Answer 50

pubic symphysis

Question 51

While its composition is similar to that of hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage is not as firm and possesses more noticeable _________________.

Answer 51

collagen fibers

Question 52

Description: Matrix similar but less firm than that in hyaline cartilage; thick collagen fibers predominate. Function: tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock. Location: Intervertebral discs; pubic symphysis; discs of knee joint

Answer 52

Fibrocartilage

Question 53

Bone is arranged in concentric ring structures called ____________.

Answer 53

osteons

Question 54

In the center of each osteon is a structure called a ___________. This canal carries blood vessels through the bone to nourish the cells embedded within the tissue.

Answer 54

Haversian canal

Question 55

Around the Haversian canal, rings of bone tissue from called _________.

Answer 55

lamellae

Question 56

The cells inside the lacunae in bones are called

Answer 56

osteocytes

Question 57

Radiating out from the lacunae are tiny channels that allow interaction of the cells with the blood supply. These tiny channels are called ___________.

Answer 57

canaliculi

Question 58

Description: Hard, calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers; osteocytes lie in lacuna. Very well vascularized. Function: Bone supports and protects (by enclosing); provides levers for the muscles to act on; stores calcium and other minerals and fat; marrow inside bones is the site for blood formation (hematopoiesis). Location: Bones

Answer 58

Bone (Osseous Tissue)

Question 59

Description: Red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix (plasma). Function: Transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and other substances. Location: Contained within blood vessels.

Answer 59

Blood