classification systems including validity and reliability Flashcards
(35 cards)
what is a classification system
define clinical entitles
predict future couse of a particular disorder
help individal and family
tratment
who was the DSM created by
The American Psychiatric Association
how many DSMs have there been
7
what does the DSM cover about mental dissorders
Mental disorders for all ages
Possible causes
Stats in terms of gender, age of onset, etc
Research concerning the optimal treatment approaches
what is the mnemonic to remeber the axis’
Dad
Purchased
Most
Extraordinary
Glasses
what is the first axis in the DSM IV
disorders
eg. anxiety and schizophrenia
what is the second axis in the DSM IV
personality dissorders
what is the thrid axis in the DSM IV
medical conditions
what is the fourth axis in the DSM IV
environmental facors
what is the fith axis in the DSM IV
Global assessment of functioning
which axes are compulsory for diagnosis
the first 3
who created the ICD
WHO
what does the ICD include
A standard diagnostic tool for epidemiology, health management, and clinical purposes.
The ICD-10 contains 10 groups of mental disorders, give 3 examples.
1) Delusional disorders
2) Mood disorders
3) Clinical/personality disorders
which section of the ICD includes mental disorders
category 5
give five strength of the ICD
1) The ICD being produced by The WHO makes it available worldwide and so data is more comparable due to large scale
2) Multi-lingual makes it more generalisable to other cultures
3) Quick and specific treatments can be established
4) Covers all health conditions which may provide a more holistic view towards a mental disorder
5) Standardised procedure of 3 manuals and using digits to form diagnosis
give 4 weaknesses of the ICD
1) Non-specific to mental disorders and so doesn’t go into as much detail as the DSM
2) Only updated every decade whereby new disorders can arise, leading to potential misdiagnosis due to outdated info
3) Doesn’t provide explanation for disorders and is only a descriptor of symptoms
4) Dependent on approach of clinician and so has issues with subjectivity and consistency
give strengths of the DSM
1) standardization of diagnoses helps ensure that clients receive appropriate, helpful treatment regardless of location, social class, or ability to pay
2) helps giuide what treatment should be given
3) helps guide research
give weaknesses of the DSM
1) creates labels and stigma
2) diagnosis is as straightforward as putting people into categories
3) increased risk of misdiagnosis and what counts as mentally illchanges over time
what is reliability
the consistency of something
if one person goes to two different clinicians and gets a different diagnosis there is no reliability
what did Beck et al find in terms of reliability of the ICD and DSM
agreement on diagnosis for 153 patients was only 54% due to vauge criteria and inconsistencies in techniques used to gather data
What did Goldstein (1988) find in terms of the reliability of the DSM-II and DSM-III?
experts given case studies of patients diagnosised with Sz had high level of agreement
What did Cheniaux (2009) find in terms of the reliability of the DSM-III and ICD-10?
Compared the diagnosis between DSM-IV and the ICD-10 of Sz, depression, etc. Found that Sz was more frequently diagnosed using the ICD-10.
what did cooper find out about reliability
New York psychatrists were twice as likely to diagnose Sz than london psychatrists who were twice as likely to diagnose mania or depression when shown the same video
