Classifications of definitions Flashcards
(23 cards)
the term that is to be defined.
definiendum
the group of words or concepts used in the definition that is supposed to have the same meaning as the definiendum.
definiens
belonging to or relating to the nature of something
intrinsic
originating from a part
extrinsic
quality, character, or characteristic ascribed to someone or something
essence
is a statement of the meaning of a term (a word, phrase, or other set of symbols).
The term is derived from the Latin word de-fenire meaning “to state the limits of”, “to enclose within the limits of” or “to enclose within limits.” A thing can be limited by unfolding its nature, or by getting its meaning or by laying hold of what includes and extends
Definition
Two general classes of definition
-Nominal (with reference to the term
-Real (with reference to reality)
This consideration makes the assumption that anything in reality is represented by a
term
A term, on the other hand, represents
reality
Classification of Definition
A. Nominal
- Etymological
- Vernacular
B. Real
- Intrinsica. Essential
i. Genus ii. Species
b. Descriptivei. Properties ii. Accidents
- Extrinsic
a. Origin b. Cause c. Purpose
is the abstract concept that is associated, or annexed, to a thing.
nominal essence
is the thing used in a particular specific way.
Real Essence
- from the Latin word realis meaning “having reference to a thing or reality”.
- defines a thing by considering the thing per se.
Real Definition
limit a thing according to its essence, contingency (the absence of necessity; the fact of being so without having to be so) and/or accident (in Aristotelian thought: a property of a thing which is not essential to its nature). When the definition is done on its essential elements, the definition is either through genus and species (specific difference). When it is done in accordance to its accidents, the definition is through the properties.
Intrinsic
limits a thing or term according to its genus, i.e. “Man is an animal.” In this case man is defined or limited in the context of his animality. It can also limit a thing in terms of its species, i.e. “Man is a rational animal.” Here, rationality or rational animal is exclusive to man.
Essential Definiton
limits a thing according to its attributes or properties (those natural necessities of a thing that are not part of its essence) e.g. “Man is a smiling being.”
Descriptive Definition
limits a thing according to its origin, or cause or finality (purpose). An _______ (or relational) property is a property that depends on a thing’s relationship with other things.
Examples:
“Death (cause) is the separation of the soul from the body,”
“God(origin) is the creator of man.”
“A ballpen is an instrument for writing (purpose).”
Extrinsic
- from the Latin word “nominales”, meaning “having reference to a name.”
- defined or limited according to its term or name.
- both etymological and vernacular (belonging to a specified group) nominal definitions limit a thing from the standpoint of its name or term.
the consideration is made by examining the root word or origin of the term. Fortunately, most of the English words that we know of can be defined in the nominal way.
Nominal Definition
limits a thing or term by taking its derivation.
e.g. Latin word de-fenire
Etymological
limits a thing or term by taking into account its exclusive meaning
e.g. Logic is the science of correct thinking and reasoning
Vernacular
THE RULES
- The definition (definiens) must be clearer than the thing to be defined (definiendum)
- The definiens must not contain the idea to be defined or must not contain the definiendum
- The definiens must be convertible with the definiendum.
Difference between meaning and definiton
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Meaning- (What is he) is asking what it is
Definition- (Who is he?)The word we use to describe it
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NEVER GIVE UP!!!