classifying matter Flashcards
(43 cards)
What’s the difference between accurate and precise?
- accuracy is the closeness to the accepted value
- precision is how many significant digits it possesses
How is uncertainty measured
To the smallest decimal place that the number has
- Ex. 16.998 +or- 0.002
What is the difference between a hypothesis, a theory, and a law?
- A hypothesis is a SINGLE UNPROVEN idea to explain things. It is only
- A theory is a TESTED, REFINED AND EXPANDED set of hypothesis’ that explains why nature behaves in a certain way
- A law is a broad generalized statement that has lots of experimental evidence
Whats the difference between qualitative and quantitative?
Qualitative is non-numerical evidence quantitative is numerical evidence.
ex. colour vs numbers
What is an observation?
qualitative info collected through the direct use of our senses
What is an interpretation?
an attempt to put meaning into an observation
What is a description?
a list of the properties something has
What is data?
quantitative info that is determined from references
What is Boyle’s law?
- if temperatures are unchanged, the greater the pressure applied to a gas, the smaller its volume
What is Charles’s law?
-if the applied pressure is unchanged, the the greater the temperature of a gas, the greater its volume
What is a substance?
something with a unique and unidentifiable set of properties
What is a physical property?
A property that can be found without creating a new substance
What is a chemical property?
A property that can be identified by undergoing chemical reactions and change into new substances
What is an extensive/intensive property?
extensive: physical property which depends on the amount of the substance present
intensive: physical property which depends solely on the nature of the substance , and NOT how much is present
What is plasma?
gas made of charged particles such as electron sand naked atomic nuclei at high temperatures (ex lightning, neon lights)
What is superconductive state?
allows energy to flow without ANY resistance
What is superfluid state?
No frictional forces (A special type of helium)
What is supercondensed state?
Extremely high density found in collapsed stars
Define Hardness, ductility, malleability, lustre, viscosity, diffusion
Hardness: the ability to resist scratching
Malleability: the ability to be hammered into sheets
Ductility: the ability to be stretched into wires
Lustre: how it can reflect light
Viscosity: the resistance of a fluid to flow
Diffusion: The intermingling of fluids as a result of motion
What is a system?
the part of the universe being studied in a given situation
What is a phase?
The part of a system which is uniform in composition and properties
What are elements and atoms?
- An element is a substance which cannot be separated into simpler substances as a result of a chemical process
- An atom is the smallest possible unit of an element which retains the properties
What are molecules, ions and particles?
- A molecule is a cluster of two or more atoms held together strongly by electrical forces
- An ion is an atom or molecule that has an electric charge
- A particle is a general term used to describe an atom, molecule or ion
what is heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures?
A heterogeneous mixture is a substance consisting of more than one phase
A homogeneous mixture is a substance consisting of only one phase
