Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSALM GIRLS: HISTOPATHOLOGY > CLEARING & IMPREGNATION > Flashcards

CLEARING & IMPREGNATION Flashcards

(85 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

the process whereby ALCOHOL OR A DEHYDRATING AGENT IS REMOVED FROM THE TISSUE and replaced by a fluid that will dissolve the wax with which the tissue must be impregnated

A

CLEARING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Clearing is also known as…

A

DEALCOHOLIZATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the word CLEARING is used because in addition to removing alcohol, many of these substances have the property of making tissues __________ and ____________

A

TRANSPARENT (or TRANSLUCENT), CLEAR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the Refractive Index (RI) of clearing agents is approximately ________ to that of the tissues

A

EQUAL (OR CLOSE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

IDEAL amount of clearing agent

A

10x

NOT LESS THAN 10x the vol of the tse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what 2 agents are used when the tissue is cleared DIRECTLY FROM WATER (frozen section)

A

GUM SYRUP & GLYCERIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

an EXCELLENT and TRUE CLEARING AGENT

A

XYLENE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the MOST RAPID CLEARING AGENT

A

XYLENE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

clearing agent that can also be used with celloidin sections

A

XYLENE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when dehydration is not complete, xylene becomes _________ when the tissue or section is added to it

A

MILKY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

clearing agent NOT RECOMMENDED for NERVOUS TISSUES and LYMPH NODES

A

XYLENE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

SUBSTITUTE for xylene or benzene

A

TOLUENE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

USUAL clearing time of Xylene

A

30 mins - 2 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

SUBSTITUTE for xylene and benzene

A

TOLUENE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Xylene clearing time for URGENT BIOPSIES

A

15-30 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

it is NOT CARCINOGENIC but highly concentrated emit fumes that are toxic upon prolonged exposure

A

TOLUENE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

acts SLOWER THAN BENZENE and is EXPENSIVE

A

TOLUENE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

rapid acting, RECOMMENDED FOR URGENT BIOPSIES and routine purposes

A

BENZENE

URGENT - BENZENE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

clearing agent that is HIGHLY FLAMMABLE

A

BENZENE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

clearing agent: CARCINOGENIC or may DAMAGE BONE MARROW

A

BENZENE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

clearing agent that may cause APLASTIC ANEMIA

A

BENZENE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

it is the BEST OF THE TRADITIONAL clearing agents for routine use

A

CHLOROFORM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

clearing agent that gives the WIDEST LATITUDE

A

CHLOROFORM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

recommended for TOUGH SKIN AND LARGE TISSUE SPECIMENS

A

CHLOROFORM 👺

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
**BEST for NERVOUS TISSUE, LYMPH NODES, GRANULATION TISSUE, and FETAL AND OTHER DELICATE, HIGHLY CELLULAR SPX**
CHLOROFORM
26
it does **NOT MAKE** tissues **TRANSPARENT**
CHLOROFORM
27
clearing agent toxic to the liver **(HEPATOTOXIC)** after prolonged inhalation
CHLOROFORM
28
clears **BOTH PARAFFIN and CELLOIDIN SECTIONS**
CEDARWOOD OIL
29
**RECOMMENDED** for **CNS TISSUES** and **CYTOLOGICAL** studies
CEDARWOOD OIL | CCC: CEDARWOOD, CNS, CYTOLOGICAL!!!
30
how many changes does Cedarwood Oil need in clearing solution?
2 CHANGES
31
# clearing agent: quality is **NOT ALWAYS UNIFORM AND GOOD** and is extremely slow
CEDARWOOD OIL
32
becomes **MILKY ON PROLONGED STORAGE**
CEDARWOOD OIL
33
**RECOMMENDED** for clearing **EMBRYOS, INSECTS, and *VERY DELICATE SPX***
ANILINE OIL | clue: VERY DELICATE 🧚‍♀️
34
# clearing agent: removes aniline dyes and dissolves celloidin
CLOVE OIL
35
# clearing agent: its quality is **NOT GUARANTEED** due to its tendency to be **ADULTERED**
CLOVE OIL
36
properties are **VERY SIMILAR TO CHLOROFORM** but it is cheaper; toxic on prolonged exposure
CARBONTETRACHLORIDE (CCl4)
37
**DEHYDRATES and CLEARS** at the same time since it is miscible in both water and paraffin
TETRAHYDROFURAN
38
2 clearing agents: slow-acting clearing agents that can be used when **DOUBLE-EMBEDDING TECHNIQUES** are required
1. METHYL BENZOATE 2. METHYL SALICYLATE
39
the process whereby the **CLEARING AGENT IS COMPLETELY REMOVED FROM THE TISSUE** and replaced by a medium
IMPREGNATION
40
another term for Impregnation
INFILTRATION
41
**IDEAL VOLUME** of impregnating agent
25x | NOT LESS THAN 25X the vol of the tse
42
3 methods of IMPREGNATION used in Histology
1. PARAFFIN WAX 2. CELLOIDIN WAX 3. GELATIN
43
# METHODS OF IMPREGNATION: the **SIMPLEST, MOST COMMON, and by far THE BEST FOR ROUTINE USE**
PARAFFIN WAX IMPREGNATION
44
**MELTING POINT OF PARAFFIN WAX**
54-58°C
45
3 WAYS OF PARAFFIN WAX IMPREGNATION (and EMBEDDING)
1. MANUAL PROCESSING 2. AUTOMATIC PROCESSING 3. VACUUM EMBEDDING
46
# WAYS OF PARAFFIN WAX IMPREGNATION method that requires **AT LEAST 4 CHANGES OF WAX** with **15 MINUTES INTERVAL**
MANUAL PROCESSING
47
# WAYS OF PARAFFIN WAX IMPREGNATION How many changes of wax does the manual processing require?
4 changes
48
# WAYS OF PARAFFIN WAX IMPREGNATION makes use of an automatic tissue processing machine, thereby decreasing the time and labor
AUTOMATIC PROCESSING
49
# WAYS OF PARAFFIN WAX IMPREGNATION example of machine used in Automatic Processing
AUTOTECHNICON
50
# WAYS OF PARAFFIN WAX IMPREGNATION **AUTOMATIC PROCESSING** involves what steps?
1. FIXATION 2. DEHYDRATION 3. CLEARING 4. INFILTRATION
51
# WAYS OF PARAFFIN WAX IMPREGNATION impregnation under **NEGATIVE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE**
VACUUM EMBEDDING
52
# WAYS OF PARAFFIN WAX IMPREGNATION a vacuum of up to ________ mmHg is applied using a water or mechanical pump
760 mmHg
53
# WAYS OF PARAFFIN WAX IMPREGNATION **MOST RAPID** wax impregnation; gives the **FASTEST RESULT**
VACUUM EMBEDDING
54
# WAYS OF PARAFFIN WAX IMPREGNATION **RECOMMENDED** for **URGENT BIOPSIES & DELICATE TISSUES** such as lung, brain, connective tses, decalcified bones, eyes, spleen, and CNS
VACUUM EMBEDDING
55
# WAYS OF PARAFFIN WAX IMPREGNATION Vacuum Embedding reduces how many percent of impregnation time?
**25-75%**
56
3 SUBSTITUTES for Paraffin Wax
1. PARAPLAST 2. ESTER WAX 3. WATER SOLUBLE WAXES
57
# SUBSTITUTES FOR PARAFFIN WAX a mixture of highly purified **PARAFFIN WAX and SYNTHETIC PLASTIC POLYMERS**
PARAPLAST
58
**MELTING POINT** of Paraplast
56-57°C
59
a synthetic wax substitute to Paraplast; less brittle and less compressible than Paraplast
EMBEDDOL
60
**MELTING POINT** of Embeddol
56-58°C
61
a semisynthetic wax **RECOMMENDED FOR EMBEDDING EYES**
BIOLOID
62
**MELTING POINT** of Ester Wax
46-48°C
63
wax harder than paraffin; not soluble in water but **SOLUBLE IN 95% ETHYL ALCOHOL and other clearing agents**
ESTER WAX | "ETHYL-ESTER"
64
these are mostly polyethylene glycols with melting points of 38-42°C or 45-56°C
WATER SOLUBLE WAXES
65
**MOST COMMONLY USED POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL**
CARBOWAX
66
at what temperature does Carbowax appear **SOLID**?
ROOM TEMPERATURE
67
wax **SOLUBLE IN WATER**, hence **DOES NOT REQUIRE *DEHYDRATION AND CLEARING*** of the tse
CARBOWAX
68
wax suitable for many **ENZYME HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES**
CARBOWAX
69
**PARAFFIN OVEN** must be maintained at what temperature?
2-5°C **ABOVE** the MELTING POINT OF THE WAX
70
When wax has been reused, some amount of water is inevitably mixed with it. To remove water, **WAX MUST BE HEATED** to what temperature?
100-105°C
71
How many times is Paraffin Wax allowed to be used?
TWICE (2x)
72
to **remove grit & dirt BEFORE EMBEDDING**, what must be done to the paraffin wax?
FILTERED
73
**purified form of** **NITROCELLULOSE** soluble in many solvents
CELLOIDIN
74
suitable for specimens containing **LARGE CAVITIES or HOLLOW SPACES** which tend to collapse; also for **WHOLE EMBRYOS and WHOLE ORGANS LIKE EYES**
CELLOIDIN IMPREGNATION
75
2 METHODS FOR CELLOIDIN
1. WET CELLOIDIN METHOD 2. DRY CELLOIDIN METHOD
76
# METHOD FOR CELLOIDIN **RECOMMENDED** for **BONES, TEETH, LARGE BRAIN SECTIONS, and WHOLE ORGANS**
WET CELLOIDIN METHOD
77
# METHOD FOR CELLOIDIN in Wet Celloidin Method, tissues must be **CUT WET** where both the knife and tissue block are kept moist with **what reagent** while cutting?
70% ALCOHOL
78
# METHOD FOR CELLOIDIN **PREFERRED** for processing of **WHOLE EYE SECTIONS**
DRY CELLOIDIN METHOD | DRY - EYE
79
material embedded with the dry method can be cut **WITHOUT ALCOHOL** due to the presence of **what reagent** in the block?
CEDARWOOD OIL
80
GILSON'S MIXTURE COMPOSITION
**EQUAL** PARTS OF **CHLOROFORM & CEDARWOOD OIL** (1:1)
81
another form of celloidin soluble in **EQUAL CONCENTRATION** of **ETHER** and **ALCOHOL**
LOW VISCOSITY NITROCELLULOSE
82
Low Viscosity Nitrocellulose (LVN) is made of equal concentration of what 2 reagents?
ETHER and ALCOHOL
83
method of impregnation used when **DEHYDRATION IS TO BE AVOIDED**
GELATIN IMPREGNATION
84
impregnation method used when tissues are to be subjected to **HISTOCHEMICAL AND ENZYME STUDIES**
GELATIN IMPREGNATION
85
impregnation method that **DOES NOT REQUIRE DEHYDRATION AND CLEARING**
GELATIN IMPREGNATION

PSALM GIRLS: HISTOPATHOLOGY (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions