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science > climate change > Flashcards

climate change Flashcards

1
Q

weather

A

The atmospheric conditions including temperature, humidity precipitation and wind in a particular location over a short period of time 

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2
Q

climate

A

The average weather in a region over a long period of time

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3
Q

components of earths climate system

A

 atmosphere hydrosphere, lithosphere, living things

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4
Q

what is the air we breathe in mostly made up of

A

Nitrogen gas

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5
Q

how is the ozone in the troposphere different than ozone in the stratosphere?

A
  • ozone in troposphere: toxic and offers no UV protection
  • ozone in stratosphere: naturally occurring, serves as protective function, absorbs high energy UV radiation
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6
Q

what is the region of the atmosphere where weather happens

A

Troposphere

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7
Q

layers of the atmosphere from lowest to highest altitude

A

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

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8
Q

Atmosphere

A

Made of layers of gases surrounding earth

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9
Q

hydrosphere

A

Includes liquid water and lakes, oceans, water vapor, and atmosphere and ice glaciers

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10
Q

Lithosphere

A

Earths rock crust, including land surfaces

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11
Q

Living things

A

all living things on earth are part of the climate system 

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12
Q

greenhouse, gas effect

A

Processes whereby gases and clouds absorb Infared radiation, emitted from earths surface and radiate it, heading to the atmosphere and earths surface

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13
Q

carbon sink

A

A Reservoir that absorb carbon dioxide from the environment and stores in another form
Plants, soil, ocean

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14
Q

impact of carbon dioxide

A

Causes up to 25% of greenhouse effect

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15
Q

Impact of water vapour

A

2/3 of greenhouse effect is caused by this

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16
Q

impact of methane

A

23x more powerful than greenhouse effect

17
Q

impact of nitrous oxide

A

300x more effective as greenhouse than carbon dioxide

18
Q

impact of ozone

A

toxic in troposphere

19
Q

anthropogenic

A

Trapping of lower energy Infared, radiation by atmosphere, as a result of human activity
Carbon dioxide, methane

20
Q

Anthropogenic sources

A

carbon dioxide - burning fossil fuels
Nitrous oxide - agriculture
Methane - fertilizer
CFCs - refrigeration methods

21
Q

albedo effect

A

A measure of how much of the suns radiation is reflected by surface

22
Q

Why are photosynthesis and cellular respiration important to the carbon cycle?

A

photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and cellular respiration, adds it to the atmosphere

23
Q

Heat sink

A

A reservoir, such as the ocean that absorbs in stores, thermal energy 

24
Q

Proxy records

A

Stores of information in a tree rings, ice, cores, and fossils that can be measured to give clues to what the climate was like in the past

25
Q

Plate tectonics

A

The theory explaining the slow moving of large plates in the earths crust

26
Q

Continental drift

A

The theory that earths continents used to be one big supercontinent called PANGAEA

27
Q

Eccentricity

A

The earth is not perfectly circular

28
Q

Tilt

A

Earth tilt back and forth

29
Q

Procession of tilt

A

The earth wobbles

30
Q

what is IPCC

A

intergovernmental panel on climate change
Group of scientist summarize the latest research on climate change

31
Q

actions, government, industries, or businesses can take to reduce greenhouse, gas emissions

A

Transportation - drive less
Energy production - improve energy, efficiency, through new technologies
Waste management - compost all organic waste, so it doesn’t go to landfills

32
Q

Changes in the Arctic affecting the rest of the world

A

albedo effect
Release of carbon dioxide
Sea levels rising
Ocean currents

33
Q

What is clean energy?

A

Energy coming from generation systems that do not produce any pollution
Solar energy, and wind energy 

34
Q

convection current

A

A circular current in air, that other fluids caused by the rising of warm fluid as cold fluid sinks

35
Q

how do prevailing winds relate to precipitation

A

as prevailing wins, pass over the ocean, it picks up water vapour and condenses bringing rain

36
Q

thermohaline circulation

A

The continuous flow of water around the world, oceans driven by differences in water temperatures in salinity

37
Q

problems caused by melting ice glaciers

A

Rising sea levels
Increase in the coastal erosion

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