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Quarter 3 Finals > Clin Lab Med Condensed > Flashcards

Clin Lab Med Condensed Flashcards

1
Q

Bilateral pain/swelling
Raynaud
Malar/Discoid rash
Mouth ulcers

Anti-ds DNA
Anti-Smith

A

Lupus

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2
Q

Spares DIPS
Joint pain only (no musc)

Anti-CCP

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

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3
Q

Sicca complex
Cavities-dental
Diffuse muscle AND joint pain

Anti-Ro
Anti-La

A

Sjogren Syndrome

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4
Q

Tighten/thick skin
Difficulty swallowing
Raynaud
Telangiectasias

ACA
Anti-Scl-70

A

Systemic Sclerosis

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5
Q

Acute proximal pain
Difficulty w/ADLs
DROM
Rapid imp w/ Low dose steroids

A

Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR)

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6
Q 
Ongoing low back pain
Plantas fasciitis
"Bamboo spine"
"Sacroilitis"
Exercise helps

HLA-b 27

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis

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7
Q

Fever
Prime rib and cocktails

MSU crystals
Negatively birefringent
Needle shaped

A

Gout

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8
Q

Chondrocalcinosis on Xray

CPPD crystals
Positively birefringent
Rhomboid shaped

A

Pseudogout

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9
Q

Anti CCP

A

Rhemuatoid Arthritis

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10
Q

Anti-ds DNA

Anti-Smith

A

Lupus

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11
Q

Anti Ro

Anti La

A

Sjogren syndrome

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12
Q

ACA

Anti-Scl-70

A

Systemic sclerosis

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13
Q

ACA

A

Systemic sclerosis

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14
Q

Anti-Scl-70

A

Systemic sclerosis

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15
Q

ESR/CRP

A

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

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16
Q

HLA-b 27

A

Ankylosing Spondylosis

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17
Q

Neg,needle

A

Gout

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18
Q

Positive,rhomboid

A

Pseudogout

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19
Q

Hyperlucency
Flattened diaphragm
Barrel chest

CXR

A

COPD

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20
Q

Tall pts in 20s

Bleb on CXR

A

Pneumothorax (PNX): lung collapse

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21
Q

Hyperlucency and absence of vascular markings

Darkness often in upper lobe

A

Pneumothorax (PNX): lung collapse

will see tiny collapsed lung in middle

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22
Q

In what condition is it helpful to get an Expiratory CXR?

A

Pneumothorax (PNX): lung collapse

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23
Q

Crackly, “rice crispy” sound with palpation
Popping bubble wrap

Acute CP that radiates

A

Pneumomediastinum (air leaks into mediast)

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24
Q

Young adult male population

A

Pneumomediastinum (air leaks into mediast)

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25
Q

Most common cause of Pneumoperitoneum (leakage of air into peritoneal cavity)

A

Disruption of wall of a hollow viscus organ

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26
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

Abnormal fluid OUTSIDE of the lung pushing on the lung

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27
Q

CXR shows abnormal white gathering outside of the black/lucent lung

Along the periphery

A

Effusion

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28
Q

Infiltrate

A

Sponge

Fluid has infiltrated INTO the lung

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29
Q

White inside the lung

A

Infiltrate

Usually infectious

30
Q

CHF

A

Kerley B lines

Interstital edema

31
Q

“Butterfly” or “batwing” pattern

A

CHF

32
Q

Air bronchograms

A

Air filled bronchi (black) pass through fluid filled area (white)

CHF
PNA
Atelectasis

33
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapse or incomplete expansion of Parenchyma/Alveoli

34
Q

Structural shifts of trachea, heart, filum, fissures

Overinflation of unaffected side of lung

A

Atelectasis

35
Q

Abscess on CXR

A

Fluid filled

36
Q

Mediastinal widening

A 
Traumatic aortic injury
Vascular anomaly
Pulmonary mass
Mediast lymphadenopathy
Enlarged pulm artery
Thymus
37
Q

SOB, Cystic Fibrosis hx
Wheezing
Productive cough
Access Muscle usage

Hyperlucency
Flat diaphragm
Barrel chest

A

COPD

38
Q

Large bullae (black circles) on CXR

A

Emphysema and Fibrosis

39
Q

Acute SOB
CP- pleuritic

Primary cause: BLEB (Tall 20YO)

A

PNX

40
Q

CT is definitive for

A

PNX

41
Q

CT is gold standard for

A

Pneumomediastinum

42
Q

Young adult male

CP—> radiating

A

Pneumomediastinum

43
Q

Dark lines following muscle and tissue planes

“rice-crispy” sound w/palpation
Popping bubble wrap

A

SubQ emphysema

44
Q

Subdiaphragmatic air

A 
Recent surgery
Trauma
Ulcer
CA
Inflamm bowel dz
Acute onset abdominal pain--> radiate to shoulders
45
Q

Pneumoperitoneum

A

radiolucent BELOW the diaphragm across the abdomen

Most comm cause: disruption of wall of hollow viscus organ

46
Q

Infiltrate

A

Cough, FEVER, SOB, SOB, CP

Usually INFECTIOUS

47
Q

Are air bronchograms seen w effusion?

A

NO
bc there is NOT fluid in the lung with effusion, and air bronchograms are only seen when air is passing through fluid filled areas

48
Q

Atelectasis

A

COLLAPSE OF PARENCHYMA/alveoli

49
Q

Diff b/w PNX and Atelectasis

A

PNX: collapse of Lung
Atelectasis: collapse of Parenchyma/Alveoli

50
Q

Signs of Atelectasis

A

One side diaphragm is elevated
Crowding of pulmonary vessels
Shift of trachea, heart, hilum, fissures

51
Q

Most common cause of Atelectasis

A

Bronchial obstruction:
Neoplasm (CA)
Mucus plug
FB aspiration

52
Q

CA

A 
weight loss
smoking hx
fatigue, cough
Hemoptysis*
CP
53
Q

Characteristic of Malignant nodules

A

Large >15 mm
Irregular
Inhomogenous density
Spiculated margins

54
Q

Smooth, well defined, homogenous, +Calcifications

A

Benign nodules

55
Q

Arterial Blood Gas detects/monitors

A

Oxygenation
Ventilation
Acid-base balance

56
Q

What to consider with ABG

A

Allen test prior to check for collateral circulation
Draw from Radial artery
Results: 5-15 min

57
Q

Respiratory Acidosis

A

Retaining too much CO2 (hypoventilation)

58
Q

Causes of Respiratory Acidosis

A 
COPD
Neuromusc dz: Guillian Barre, Myasthenia gravis
Chest wall dysfx
Drugs: opoids, benzos
CNS event, trauma
59
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis

A

Blowing off too much CO2

60
Q

Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis

A 
Anxiety, fear, pain
Sepsis
ASA intoxication
Hypoxemia 
Altitude
61
Q

Anion Gap

A

Na - (Cl + bicarb)

62
Q

Normal Anion Gap

A

8-12

63
Q

Anion gap measures

A

Anions that can’t be measured on BMP- albumin, phosphate, sulfates, etc

64
Q

Elevated Anion Gap =

A 
MUDPILES
Methanol
Uremia 
DKA
Propylene glycol
Iron/Isoniazid
Lactate
Ethylene glycol
Salicylate/starved
65
Q

Non Anion Gap

A 
Bicarb loss d/t:
Diarrhea
Pancreatic drainage
GI fistula
Renal tubular acidosis
66
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A

Elevated anion gap: MUDPILES

67
Q

MUDPILES

metabolic acidosis

A 
Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Propylene glycol
Iron/isoniazid
Lactate
Ethylene glyc
Salicylate/starve
68
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis, what should we check next?

TOO BASIC

A

Urine Chloride (Cl)

69
Q

If Urine Cl is <20
(metabolic alkalosis)

RESPONSIVE

A 
GI loss (vomiting, NG suction)
Diuretics
70
Q

If Urine Cl is >20
(metabolic alkalosis)

UNRESPONSIVE

A

Hyper-Aldo
Cushing
Renin secreting tumor
K depletion

71
Q

Example of PRIMARY Metabolic Acidosis

Acidic, problem is d/t LOW BICARB

A

Compensatory Respiratory Alkalosis (lungs blowing off CO2 to try to compensate for the acidosis)

Quarter 3 Finals (10 decks)

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