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Quarter 3 Finals > Pharm Audio Review > Flashcards

Pharm Audio Review Flashcards

1
Q

Estrogen low levels

A

negative feedback

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2
Q

Estrogen high levels

A

positive feedback

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3
Q

Testosterone and Progesterone

A

always negative feedback on HPA axis

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4
Q

Leuprolide

long acting gnrh agonist

A

Initial surge of gonadotropins, eventually inhibit

Use: DOC for endometriosis, Precocious puberty, PCOS, etc

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5
Q

SE of Long acting gnrh

A

Men: Testicular atrophy
Women: menopause like sx

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6
Q

What to use with long acting gnrh

A

Flutamide

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7
Q

Cetrorelix

long acting gnrh antagonist

A

Suppress HPA axis DIRECTLY

Use: IVF

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8
Q

FSH

A

HMG is prototype

Used with LH

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9
Q

LH

A

Hcg is prototype (human chorionictropic)

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10
Q

LH and FSH use

A

Induce spermatogeneis
LH 1st,
then FSH to increase spermatogenesisi

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11
Q

LH and FSH use

A

women
Start w FSH to stimulate development of follicles, THEN
Single LH dose to induce ovulation

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12
Q

SE of LH and FSH

A

Ovarian enlargement
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome!! emergency
Mult births
Gynecomastia in men

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13
Q

Estrogen

A

Estradiol is prototype- most imp in body

Transdermal: patch or cream

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14
Q

Estrogen use

A 
Oral contraception
Post-menopausal HRT
Girls in primary hypogonadism (stimulate puberty)
Tx dysmenorrhea 
Androgen dependent CA (silence HPA axis)
Male-->Female
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15
Q

Estrogen SE

A

Uterine hyperplasia

add progesterine to prevent this!

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16
Q

Estrogens

A

TERATOGENIC

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17
Q

Anti Estrogen

A

Breast CA drugs

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18
Q

Anti Estrogens

A

Tamoxifen
Clomiphene
Raloxifen

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19
Q

Tamoxifen

A

Agonist in uterus and bone

Increased risk of uterus CA
Prevents bone loss! good

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20
Q

Tamoxifen

A

SERMS

selective estrogen reuptake ***?

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21
Q

Raloxifene

A

Agonist in Bone (good as well)
Use for: Post-menopausal osteoporosis

Antagonist in uterus and breast

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22
Q

Tamoxifen and Raloxifene are both agonist in

A

BONE

Antagonist to breast

The difference b/w the two: Tamoxifen is agonist in Uterus, Raloxifene is antagonist in uterus.

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23
Q

Aromatase Inhbiitor

A

inh synth of Estrogen specifically

DOC: estrogen dependent Breast CA in post-menopausal women

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24
Q

Mifepristone

A

Gluco and Progestine receptor ANTAGONIST

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25
Q

Mifepristone

A

Pregnancy termination (in combo with Prostaglandin)

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26
Q

Mifepristone

A

Large amt of GI side effects

CONTRA: breastfeeding, pregnancy

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27
Q

Combo birth control

A 
Drosperinone 
Mineralo receptor antagonist
*The one drug int his class that is FDA approved to reduce PMDD sx
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28
Q

Plan B

A

high does Levonorgestrol

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29
Q

After hysterectomy

A

DO NOT NEED To and should not give Progesterone

Use: Estrogen only

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30
Q

Replacement therapy MUST be used in pre-menopausal where

A

Ovaries no longer functioning or have been removed

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31
Q

Androgen use

A

Negative nitrogen balance

Protenemia of hydronephrosis

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32
Q

Flutamide

A

not used in monotherapy bc too much hepatotoxicity

USED with long acting gnRH agonist

33
Q

Spironolactone

A

Use: Hirsutism, PMS, Precosious puberty

34
Q

Finasteride

A

TERATOGENIC bc DHT is needed in fetal development

35
Q

Prostaglandin–> Dinoprostine

Strong ON switch, stimulate contractions (3rd line after Oxytocin and Ergot)

A

STRONG AND DANGEROUS GI side effects (black box) must be give w hospital personel around

36
Q

Mgsulfate

A

Only given IV

first line to prevent premie

37
Q

Nifedipine

A

CCB- L type slow channel
Prevent premie
Can be given AT HOME, orally, long term chronic

38
Q

Treat hypothyroid

A

LevothyroXine Na
Levethyronine Na
Dessicated thyroid

39
Q

LevothyroXine Na

A

Will lead to normal levels
Dependent on Peripheral deiodonase enzyme

long half life, takes while to reach steady state

40
Q

Levothyranine Na

A

T3 drug
quicker half life: 1 day, only 5 days to reach steady state
initial use or supplement in those who cant convert to T3

41
Q

Methimazole and PTU

A

long term

can’t treat acute (this is why we use b-blockers in dangerous hyperthyroid situations)

42
Q

PTU black box

A

Liver

43
Q

PTU and Methimazole SE

A

Granulocytosis

44
Q

Iodide

A

Inhibit SYNTH and RELEASE

Use: b4 surgery, nuclear emergency

45
Q

131-I

A

Elderly w heart dz

DOC: Toxic nodular goiter

46
Q

Calcitonin

A

can cause fish hyper sensitivity

47
Q

Calcitonin

A

inhibit bone resorption

Antagonize PTH

48
Q

Calcitonin can be administered

A

intranasal and Injection

49
Q

PTH drugs

“paratide” and rhPTH

A

BLACK BOX: osteosarcoma (rats)

50
Q

Paratide

PTH drugs

A

Intermittent administration NECESSARY!! to have osteoporosis function

51
Q

Paratide

PTH drugs unique characteristic

A

NEW BONE GROWTH

52
Q

Denosumab

A

RANK-L
SubQ inj every 6 months
SE: HYPOCALCEMIA and Teratogenic

53
Q

Bisphonphonates

“dronate”

A

A: O
R: O
I: O,IV
Z: IV

54
Q

Bisphonates oral administration

A

absorption is very poor

empty stomach, 1/2 glass water, remain upright for 30 min

55
Q

Fludrocortisone

A

Aldosterone replacement (mineralocorticoid)

Addison’s dz

56
Q

Equal part gluco(cortisol) and mineralo(aldo)

A

Hydrocortisone

start w this and try to get both levels normal. IF they need more of an Aldosterone boost, then can add Fludrocortisone

57
Q

Prednisone

A

Most comm prescribed drug, GOOD FOR ANTI-INFLAMMATORY properties

58
Q

Cortisone (inactive) must be converted to

A

Hydrocortisone (active)

59
Q

Prednisone (inactive) must be converted to

A

Prednisolone (active)

60
Q

Highest anti-inflammatory are the ones that

A

ONLY have glucocorticoid effects

61
Q

DOC for Cushings dz (too much Cortisol)

A

Ketoconazole

62
Q

Spironolactone

A

Tx for cushings (not 1st line) but can provide quicker relief

63
Q

Reduce HF hospitalization

diabetic drugs

A

SLG2 “flozin”

64
Q

CKD diabetic drugs

A

SLG2 “flozin”

65
Q

Metformin

A

Top 5 diarrhea drug

66
Q

Metformin SE

A

Lactic acidosis

CONTRA: GFR <30

67
Q

Liraglutide

A

Comes to top for macrovascular event reduction

68
Q

Weight loss

A

GLP RA

SLG2 “flozin”

69
Q

Semaglutide unique bc:

A

1st and ONLY oral form of GLP-RA which is GAME CHANGER

70
Q

GLP-RA black box

A

Thyroid CA!!!!!

71
Q

Diff b/w GLP-RA and DPP-4 Inhibitor

A

GLP-RA (mostly injections, besides Semaglutide)

DPP4-I (mostly Oral)

72
Q

Linagliptin unique (DPP4-I)

A

Kidney safe

Liver helps w excretion

73
Q

SLG2 “flozins” are great bc they help w CKD, HF hospitalizations, and promote weight loss but

A

CANT use if person is on Dialysis

74
Q

TZA

“tazone”

A

PPAR-y

insulin sensitivity

75
Q

a-glucoside inhibitors

A

decrease post meal
never cause hypoglycemia
*GI effects- flatulence

76
Q

SU

A

increase Ca flux of beta cells- increase Insulin release

1st generation not used much anymore
2nd gen known for GI SE and Hypoglycemia RISK!!

least preferred

77
Q

Glyburide

A

Highest risk for hypoglycemia

78
Q

Pramlintide

*1 and 2
bottom of barrel drug, not used often

A

MUST be given with Insulin

ONLY one that is FDA approved for Type 1 and Type 2

79
Q

ABCs of diabetes treatment

A

A1C
Blood pressure
Cholesterol

Quarter 3 Finals (10 decks)

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