Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neurology 2 > Clin Med - Intracranial neoplasm > Flashcards

Clin Med - Intracranial neoplasm Flashcards

(61 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the three types of tumor?

A
  1. primary
  2. genetic/hereditary
  3. metastatic (MC)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Two types of primary tumors

A
  • Gliomas (MC)

- meningiomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of cancers cause metastatic tumors in the brain

A

Lung > Breast > kidney > GI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which type of primary tumor is more common in males? in females?

A

Males - gliomas

females - meningiomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of tumors can be traced back to exposure to ionizing radiation (CT and X-rays)

A
  • meningiomas
  • gliomas
  • nerve sheath tumors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Primary CNS lymphoma is associated with waht

A
  • immunodeficiency

- “ghost tumors” bc very amenable to steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

5 ways to classify tumors

A
  1. tissue of origin (glial cells, meningeal cells, metastasis)
  2. location
  3. primary vs. secondary (metastatic)
  4. grading
  5. staging (TMN)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Two ways to grade tumors

A
  1. microscopic appearance

2. growth rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Classification of tumors based on location

A
  1. Intrinsic tumors (MC)
  2. Extrinsic tumors - arise from cranial and spinal nerves and dura
  3. tumors arising from adjacent structures: metastasis or pituitary gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Two main location types of tumor

A
  • Supratentorium (in the cerebrum)

- Infratenotrium (in the cerebellum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Incidence of supratentorial vs. infratentorial tumors in children vs. adults

A

Adults: supra (66%) > infra (33%)

Children: infra (66%) > supra (33%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

General presentation of supratentorial tumors

A
  • ICP
  • HA
  • focal deficits (weakness, dysphasia, seizure)
  • AMS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

General presentation of infratentorial tumors

A
  • HA (ICP)
  • vertigo
  • n/v
  • brain stem = nystagmus
  • vermis = broad gait
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are cerebral tumors in children most often (3)?

A
  • cerebellum
  • pons
  • optic nerve/chiasm

**supratentorial tumors are rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Because supratentorial tumors are rare in children, what three sx are common and what one sx is unusual?

A
  • common: HA, vomiting, visual disturbance

- rare: epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

General presentation of CNS tumors

A
  • neuro deficits (motor weakness and AMS)
  • HA
  • Seizure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

General signs and symptoms of brain tumors (6)

A
  • cerebral edema
  • CSF obstruction (infratentorial/brain stem tumors)
  • ICP (dt CSF obstruction)
  • papilledema
  • focal neuro defects
  • pituitary dysfunction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Signs and symptoms of cerebral tumors

A
  • HA
  • vomiting
  • change in visual field/acuity
  • hemiparesis/hemiplegia (if near or on motor strip)
  • hypokinesia
  • decreased tactile discrimination
  • seizures
  • change in personality/behavior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Signs and symptoms of brain stem tumors

A
  • hearing loss (acoustic neuroma)
  • facial pain/weakness
  • dysphagia, decreased gag reflex
  • nystagmus
  • hoarseness
  • ataxia, dysarthria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the only type of brainstem tumor that can often be treated successfully?

A

acoustic neuroma

- the rest have a poor prognosis…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Signs and symptoms of cerebellar tumor

A

disturbances in coordination and equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Signs and symptoms of pituitary tumor

A
  • endocrine dysfunction
  • visual deficits (next to optic chiasm)
  • HA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Signs and symptoms of frontal lobe tumor

A
  • inappropriate behavior
  • personality changes
  • inability to concentrate
  • impaired judgement
  • memory loss
  • HA
  • expressive aphasia (Broca’s)
  • motor dysfunction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Signs and symptoms of parietal lobe tumor

A

Sensory deficits:

  • paresthesia
  • loss of two point discrimination
  • visual field deficits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Signs and symptoms of temporal lobe tumor
- psychomotor seizures: no convulsions but loss of consciousness - hallucinations and visceral symptoms - Receptive aphasia (Wernicke's)
26
Signs and symptoms of occipital lobe tumor
- visual disturbance
27
Diagnostic procedures for CNS tumors
- CT w and w/o - MRI w and w/o - plain film - myelography - PET scans - MRA to look at vascular supply of tumors - lumbar puncture/CSF analysis - pathology
28
Why use contrast in MRI
tumors are very vascular, contrast enhances the vasculature
29
What is CT best for? what can it miss
boney tumors | - can miss small lesions
30
Surgical treatment of CNS tumors
- resection of tumor - craniotomy - stereotaxis surgery - biopsy - transsphenoidal
31
What is the goal of drug therapy related to CNS tumors
- palliative care | - sx tx and to prevent complications
32
Types of meds frequently used for CNS tumors
- Analgesics - steroids (Decadron MC) - anti-seizure meds (Keppra MC) - histamine blockers - antiemetics - muscle relaxors - mannitol and hypertonic saline - NSAIDS - not used often dt bleed risk
33
How to medically treat ICP?
- mannitol | - 3% hypertonic saline (goal is Na+ 145-155, slightly high)
34
List the 4 types of supratentorial tumor
- meningiomas - gliomas * astrocytomas * glioblastoma multiform * oligodendroglioma
35
What is the most common and most malignant of the gliomas
glioblastoma multiforme
36
What are the two more benign forms of supratentorial tumor
- meningiomas | - oligodendrogliomas (glioma)
37
Meningioma - what cell type - how invasive?
- arise from arachnoidal cap cells in the arachnoid membrane - usually non-invasive
38
Meningioma | - three common locations
- parasagittal region - sphenoid wing - parasellar region
39
Meningioma | - presentation
- asymptomatic | - if sx: focal/generalized seizures or gradually worsening neuro deficit
40
Meningioma | - CT
- isodense or hypodense - homogenous extra-axial mass with smooth or lobules - clear demarcated contours enhance homogeneously and densely with contrast - areas of calcification and produce hyperostosis of adjacent bone
41
Meningioma | MRI
- isodense with gray matter (T1) | - enhance with contrast, dural trail extending from tumor attachment
42
Astrocytoma | - range
from benign to malignant - low grade pilocytic astrocytomas are benign - glioblastoma multiform are very malgnant
43
Diffuse low grade astrocytoma - how infiltrative? - locations (2)
- widely infiltrate surrounding tissue | - frontal region and subcortical white matter
44
Diffuse low grade astrocytoma | - presentation
- seizure - HA - slowly progressive neuro deficits
45
Diffuse low grade astrocytoma | - CT
- well circumscribed - non-enhancing (not much blood supply) - hypotenuse or isodense - more diffuse than meningioma
46
Diffuse low grade astrocytoma | - MRI
- more sensitive than CT, useful for ID and est. extent | - usually no enhancement
47
Glioblastoma - how arise? - infiltration? - common appearance on imaging - prognosis
- de novo or from low-grade glioma - infiltrates white matter tract, can cross corpus callosum - butterfly lesion - poor prognosis
48
Glioblastoma | - locations (3)
- frontal lobe - temoral lobe - basal ganglia
49
Glioblastoma | - presentation
- seizure - HA - slowly progressing neuro deficits
50
Glioblastoma | - CT
- hypodense or isodense - central hypodense area of necrosis surrounded by thick enhancing rim - surrounding edema
51
Two types of infratentorial tumors
- cerebellar astrocytomas | - medulloblastomas
52
cerebellar astrocytomas - what age most common - prognosis - location
- MC in childhood - most potentially curable of astrocytomas - posterior fossa
53
cerebellar astrocytomas | - presentation
- HA - n/v - gait unsteadiness - posterior head tilt with caudal tonsillar herniation
54
cerebellar astrocytomas | - CT/MRI
- tumor from vermis or cerebellar hemispheres | - large cyst with single enhancing mural nodule
55
Medulloblastoma - what age most common - describe tumor - metastasis?
- MC dx < 20 yo - soft, friable, often necrotic - can metastasize to CSF tracts
56
Medulloblastoma | - location
75% in cerebellar vermis
57
Medulloblastoma | - presentation
- usually with signs of ICP | - CN deficits possible too
58
Meduloblastomas | - MRI
- contrast-enhancing midline or paramedic tumor - often compresses 4th ventricle - Gadolinium enhancement likely heterogenous
59
What suspect if pt is neurologically intact and has unilateral dilated pupil?
- posterior communicating artery aneurysm until proven otherwise - also possible they are herniating - CTA/MRI to prove
60
Causes of altered consciousness | not just neoplasm related
q- ischemic stroke w/ edema - infarct with edema or hemorrhage - brain abscess - primary metastasis - post-traumatic edema - intracranial hematoma
61
LOTS of pictures
to review in the slides

Neurology 2 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions