Clin Path Exam 2 Review Flashcards
1
Q
Vitamin K factors (4)
A
II
VII
IX
X
2
Q
2 factors of Hemophilia
A
Factor VII
Factor IX
3
Q
Heparin need this factor for anticoagulant activity
A
Factor III
4
Q
Also known as the contact factor
A
Factor XII
5
Q
Laboratory Test for intrinsic pathway
A
PTT/APPT
6
Q
Laboratory test for intrinsic and common pathway
A
PTT
7
Q
Monitors of heparin anticoagulation in the OR
(cardiac and vascular surgeries
A
ACT
8
Q
What is ACT
A
Activated Clotting Time
9
Q
Reflects abnormalities in the conversion of
fibrinogen to fibrin
A
TCT
10
Q
Provides more accurate picture in vivo coagulation
process
A
TCT
11
Q
Test for extrinsic pathway
A
PT
12
Q
Main steps in hemostatic process (3)
A
coagulation
fibrinolytic
anticoagulant
13
Q
Main steps in coagulation cascade
A
Vasoconstriction
Platelet aggregation (primary hemostasis)
Fibrin formation
14
Q
Antithrombin III is accelerated by
A
HEPARIN
15
Q
Test used for heparin treatment and screening of
hemophilia
A
aPTT
16
Q
Coagulation factor that has the shortest plasma
half-life?
A
Factor VII
17
Q
Monitors platelet function
A
Bleeding time
18
Q
Characteristics of primary hemostasis except
A
Other sites are involved like joints, muscles, CNS,
and retroperitoneal space
19
Q
Enzyme involved in the conversion of arachidonic
acid to prostaglandin a2
A
Cyclooxygenase
20
Q
Inhibits synthesis of Vit. K dependent factors II,
VII, IX, X and Protein C and S
A
Warfarin
21
Q
Cryoprecipitate
A
vWD and hemophilia
22
Q
Prolonged Bleeding time, normal platelet count
A
vWD
23
Q
Prolonged PTT
A
Hemophilia
24
Q
Associated with malabsorption syndrome
A
Neither
25
Most common congenital bleeding disorder
vWD
26
35 kg man -7kg wt loss in 6 mos veracious tumor
from face to trunk, Oral candidiasis, No other illness.
What is depleted in lymph node?
CD4
27
Which of the following proteins is a product of the
| HIV envelope
Gp120
28
A 30 year old woman with diffuse muscle
weakness improve symptomatically with a Tensilon
test (which involves administration of a reversible
**acetylcholinesterase inhibitor**). Subsequently, she
develops acute respiratory distress necessitating
intubation and emergency plasamapheresis. Chest
MRI shows a large anterior mediastinal mass. What
immunological mechanism underlies her symptoms?
Type II hypersensitivity
29
A 29 year old woman was noted to have **fatigue,
pleurisy and facial rash**. She recently caomplains of
Dark urine. She has increased creatinine. Her
urinalysis has cast. What antibody would be
confirmatory for the diagnosis?
Anti-smith
30
A 39 year old complains of dysphagia. Further
history revealed cyanosis and painful fingers upon
cold exposure. Physical examination revealed
diffusely **thickened skin with diminished hair**. Skin
biopsy revealed extensive dermal fibrosis. What
autoantibody is typically associated with her
condition?
Anti-centromere antibody
31
A 42-year-old woman presents to your office with
some peculiar symptoms that she has had over the
past year or so. She informs you that she feels there
is constantly something in her **eyes like dust or
sand**. She also reports of painful swallowing of solid food. Physical exam reveals **bilateral parotid enlargement** but otherwise unremarkable. Which of the following antibodies is specific for her condition?
Anti-La (SSB)
32
The blood obtained from a 7 year old boy was
analyzed by flow cytometry. The cells were treated
with fluorescent labelled antibodies to various cell
surface markers before they were evaluated by flow
cytometry. Which of the following markers would
identify the **B lymphocytes**?
CD19
33
HSV has the ability to depress the expression of
* *MHC class I molecules** on the surface of infected
cells. Which coreceptors binding will be affected?
CD8
34
Patients with tuberculoid leprosy have granulomas
that have elevated amounts of **IL-2, IFN-Y, and TNF-
5**. Which of the following immune cells is responsible
for this pattern of cytokine production?
TH1 cells
35
In infants, infection with Toxocara sp, Immunoglobulin stimulated?
IgM
36
A 4 year old boy was evaluated for possible
immunologic deficiency. He had a history of repeated
infections of mucosal surface pathogens. Delayed
development of protective responses to the standard
childhood vaccinations was noted. His sputum lacks
secretory IgA. Flow cytometry shows normal numbers
of B-cells with monomeric IgM. Serum levels of
monomeric IgA, IgE and all four IgG subtypes are
normal. Which of the following deficiencies could
account for these findings?
Absence of J chains
37
A 4-year old man complains of several months of
weight loss, night sweats, mild sputum productions,
and spitting of blood. His PPD skin test is positive.
What can you conclude from this result?
A cell-mediated immune response has occurred
Tuberculosis
38
A 14-month old male infant was evaluated for potential immunodeficiency. For the past four months, the child has suffered repeated episodes of
bacterial infections. Attempts to induce immunity using pneumococcal vaccine have failed. Peripheral blood studies indicate an absence of cells responsive to B-cell mitogens. Bone marrow aspirates show
hypercellularity of pro-B cells. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
X-linked agammaglobulinemia
39
A 3-year old man is treated for a fourth episode of
disseminated Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in the
past 5 years. He had no previous history of unusual
recurrent infections. If he has an immunologic defect,
which of the following is it most likely?
C8 deficiency
40
A 40-year old woman came in with a chief complaint of painful, swollen joints. Physical
examination revealed hand joints with apparent subcutaneous nodules. Her right knee is grossly
enlarged, and 100cc of fluid was obtained from the
joint capsule. Joint fluid examination should reveal
which of the following?
IgM antibodies reactive with the Fc region of IgG
41
On subsequent exposures, schistosomulae is frequently killed within minutes by an immuneresponse manifested in the skin by intense itching,
urticaria. What is the immune responsible?
Type I hypersensitivity
42
What is the major immunoglobulin produced by
| MALT?
Dimeric immunoglobulin with secretory component
43
A 13 yo girl is diagnosed with T cell lymphoma. The phenotype of the malignant cell matches the …. progenitor cells that leave the bone marrow and enter the thymus. What cell surface marker would you
expect to find on the tumor?
CD4 negative, CD8 negative, T-cell receptor negative
44
A patient with acute myelogenous leukemia
undergoes irradiation and chemotherapy and
chemotherapy for his malignancy. What is the
immunologic effector mechanism most likely
associated with this rejection reaction?
CD8 cells
45
Erythematous raised patches (discoid rash) and
| positive to photosensitivity reaction to sun exposure.
Type III Hypersensitivity
46
4-week old boy was brought for evaluation due to
failure to thrive, oral thrush and severe diaper rash. Further history reveals he has a previous episodes of pneumonia due to streptococci. Has a brother that died due to overwhelming infection, but has a two sisters who are still alive.what is the most likely
diagnosis?
SCID
47
In a type 1 hypersensitivity response, cytokines stimulate IgE production by B cells, promote mast cell growth and active eosinophils. Which of the following immune cells is most likely to be the source of these
cytokines?
CD4 T cells
48
To design a vaccine against HIV infection, goal is
to alter a native or molecular virion to make it highly
immunogenic, if you wished to prevent the
attachment of the virus to helper t-lymphocyte which
molecular will be use to this virion:
gp120
49
It has been observed in several experimental studies that proliferation and differentiation of T-cells in response to tumour cells is low because tumour
cells lack the necessary costimulatory molecules by
transfection. Which of the following molecules would
be the best candidate for transfection of tumour
cells to achieve this end:
B7
50
A 10-month old infant is admitted to the hospital with signs of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Her peripheral blood revealed age-normal counts of CD19+ cells, but CD3+ and CD4+ cell numbers are depressed. Her serum immune response shows moderate hypogammaglobulinemia. Which of the following best describes the molecule most likely
lacking from her lymphocytes?
It contains 2 chain structures: alpha and beta
| chains
