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Clinical Pathology > Clin Path Exam 2 Review > Flashcards

Clin Path Exam 2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin K factors (4)

A

II
VII
IX
X

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2
Q

2 factors of Hemophilia

A

Factor VII

Factor IX

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3
Q

Heparin need this factor for anticoagulant activity

A

Factor III

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4
Q

Also known as the contact factor

A

Factor XII

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5
Q

Laboratory Test for intrinsic pathway

A

PTT/APPT

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6
Q

Laboratory test for intrinsic and common pathway

A

PTT

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7
Q

Monitors of heparin anticoagulation in the OR

(cardiac and vascular surgeries

A

ACT

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8
Q

What is ACT

A

Activated Clotting Time

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9
Q

Reflects abnormalities in the conversion of

fibrinogen to fibrin

A

TCT

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10
Q

Provides more accurate picture in vivo coagulation

process

A

TCT

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11
Q

Test for extrinsic pathway

A

PT

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12
Q

Main steps in hemostatic process (3)

A

coagulation

fibrinolytic

anticoagulant

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13
Q

Main steps in coagulation cascade

A

Vasoconstriction

Platelet aggregation (primary hemostasis)

Fibrin formation

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14
Q

Antithrombin III is accelerated by

A

HEPARIN

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15
Q

Test used for heparin treatment and screening of

hemophilia

A

aPTT

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16
Q

Coagulation factor that has the shortest plasma

half-life?

A

Factor VII

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17
Q

Monitors platelet function

A

Bleeding time

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18
Q

Characteristics of primary hemostasis except

A

Other sites are involved like joints, muscles, CNS,

and retroperitoneal space

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19
Q

Enzyme involved in the conversion of arachidonic

acid to prostaglandin a2

A

Cyclooxygenase

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20
Q

Inhibits synthesis of Vit. K dependent factors II,

VII, IX, X and Protein C and S

A

Warfarin

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21
Q

Cryoprecipitate

A

vWD and hemophilia

22
Q

Prolonged Bleeding time, normal platelet count

A

vWD

23
Q

Prolonged PTT

A

Hemophilia

24
Q

Associated with malabsorption syndrome

A

Neither

25
Q

Most common congenital bleeding disorder

A

vWD

26
Q

35 kg man -7kg wt loss in 6 mos veracious tumor
from face to trunk, Oral candidiasis, No other illness.

What is depleted in lymph node?

A

CD4

27
Q

Which of the following proteins is a product of the

HIV envelope

A

Gp120

28
Q

A 30 year old woman with diffuse muscle
weakness improve symptomatically with a Tensilon
test (which involves administration of a reversible
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor). Subsequently, she
develops acute respiratory distress necessitating
intubation and emergency plasamapheresis. Chest
MRI shows a large anterior mediastinal mass. What
immunological mechanism underlies her symptoms?

A

Type II hypersensitivity

29
Q

A 29 year old woman was noted to have fatigue,
pleurisy and facial rash. She recently caomplains of
Dark urine. She has increased creatinine. Her
urinalysis has cast. What antibody would be
confirmatory for the diagnosis?

A

Anti-smith

30
Q

A 39 year old complains of dysphagia. Further
history revealed cyanosis and painful fingers upon
cold exposure. Physical examination revealed
diffusely thickened skin with diminished hair. Skin
biopsy revealed extensive dermal fibrosis. What
autoantibody is typically associated with her
condition?

A

Anti-centromere antibody

31
Q

A 42-year-old woman presents to your office with
some peculiar symptoms that she has had over the
past year or so. She informs you that she feels there
is constantly something in her eyes like dust or
sand. She also reports of painful swallowing of solid food. Physical exam reveals bilateral parotid enlargement but otherwise unremarkable. Which of the following antibodies is specific for her condition?

A

Anti-La (SSB)

32
Q

The blood obtained from a 7 year old boy was
analyzed by flow cytometry. The cells were treated
with fluorescent labelled antibodies to various cell
surface markers before they were evaluated by flow
cytometry. Which of the following markers would
identify the B lymphocytes?

A

CD19

33
Q

HSV has the ability to depress the expression of

  • *MHC class I molecules** on the surface of infected
    cells. Which coreceptors binding will be affected?
A

CD8

34
Q

Patients with tuberculoid leprosy have granulomas
that have elevated amounts of IL-2, IFN-Y, and TNF-
5. Which of the following immune cells is responsible
for this pattern of cytokine production?

A

TH1 cells

35
Q

In infants, infection with Toxocara sp, Immunoglobulin stimulated?

A

IgM

36
Q

A 4 year old boy was evaluated for possible
immunologic deficiency. He had a history of repeated
infections of mucosal surface pathogens. Delayed
development of protective responses to the standard
childhood vaccinations was noted. His sputum lacks
secretory IgA. Flow cytometry shows normal numbers
of B-cells with monomeric IgM. Serum levels of
monomeric IgA, IgE and all four IgG subtypes are
normal. Which of the following deficiencies could
account for these findings?

A

Absence of J chains

37
Q

A 4-year old man complains of several months of
weight loss, night sweats, mild sputum productions,
and spitting of blood. His PPD skin test is positive.
What can you conclude from this result?

A

A cell-mediated immune response has occurred

Tuberculosis

38
Q

A 14-month old male infant was evaluated for potential immunodeficiency. For the past four months, the child has suffered repeated episodes of
bacterial infections. Attempts to induce immunity using pneumococcal vaccine have failed. Peripheral blood studies indicate an absence of cells responsive to B-cell mitogens. Bone marrow aspirates show
hypercellularity of pro-B cells. What is the most likely
diagnosis?

A

X-linked agammaglobulinemia

39
Q

A 3-year old man is treated for a fourth episode of
disseminated Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in the
past 5 years. He had no previous history of unusual
recurrent infections. If he has an immunologic defect,
which of the following is it most likely?

A

C8 deficiency

40
Q

A 40-year old woman came in with a chief complaint of painful, swollen joints. Physical
examination revealed hand joints with apparent subcutaneous nodules. Her right knee is grossly
enlarged, and 100cc of fluid was obtained from the
joint capsule. Joint fluid examination should reveal
which of the following?

A

IgM antibodies reactive with the Fc region of IgG

41
Q

On subsequent exposures, schistosomulae is frequently killed within minutes by an immuneresponse manifested in the skin by intense itching,
urticaria. What is the immune responsible?

A

Type I hypersensitivity

42
Q

What is the major immunoglobulin produced by

MALT?

A

Dimeric immunoglobulin with secretory component

43
Q

A 13 yo girl is diagnosed with T cell lymphoma. The phenotype of the malignant cell matches the …. progenitor cells that leave the bone marrow and enter the thymus. What cell surface marker would you
expect to find on the tumor?

A

CD4 negative, CD8 negative, T-cell receptor negative

44
Q

A patient with acute myelogenous leukemia
undergoes irradiation and chemotherapy and
chemotherapy for his malignancy. What is the
immunologic effector mechanism most likely
associated with this rejection reaction?

A

CD8 cells

45
Q

Erythematous raised patches (discoid rash) and

positive to photosensitivity reaction to sun exposure.

A

Type III Hypersensitivity

46
Q

4-week old boy was brought for evaluation due to
failure to thrive, oral thrush and severe diaper rash. Further history reveals he has a previous episodes of pneumonia due to streptococci. Has a brother that died due to overwhelming infection, but has a two sisters who are still alive.what is the most likely
diagnosis?

A

SCID

47
Q

In a type 1 hypersensitivity response, cytokines stimulate IgE production by B cells, promote mast cell growth and active eosinophils. Which of the following immune cells is most likely to be the source of these
cytokines?

A

CD4 T cells

48
Q

To design a vaccine against HIV infection, goal is
to alter a native or molecular virion to make it highly
immunogenic, if you wished to prevent the
attachment of the virus to helper t-lymphocyte which
molecular will be use to this virion:

A

gp120

49
Q

It has been observed in several experimental studies that proliferation and differentiation of T-cells in response to tumour cells is low because tumour
cells lack the necessary costimulatory molecules by
transfection. Which of the following molecules would
be the best candidate for transfection of tumour
cells to achieve this end:

A

B7

50
Q

A 10-month old infant is admitted to the hospital with signs of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Her peripheral blood revealed age-normal counts of CD19+ cells, but CD3+ and CD4+ cell numbers are depressed. Her serum immune response shows moderate hypogammaglobulinemia. Which of the following best describes the molecule most likely
lacking from her lymphocytes?

A

It contains 2 chain structures: alpha and beta

chains

Clinical Pathology (11 decks)

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