Clincal Lecture

Question 1

Kussmaul respirations are ___ and ___ and is a sign for ___ since they are hyperventilating in order to compensate for the increased acidosis

Furthermore, patients with this have a ___ breath oder due to the acetone in the blood

** Predisposing factors for DKA include undiagnosed diabetes, infection, systemic illness, or dehydration

Answer 1

Rapid and deep, DKA

Fruity

Question 2

How do you calculate the anion gap?

If it is ___, think MUDPILES and what does this stand for?

Answer 2

Na - (Cl + HCO3-)

Question 3

For DKA (due to Type 1 or less common Type 2 DM) The serum K+ levels will most likely be ___, and the TOTAL K+ levels will most likely be ___

Answer 3

High (since you have no K+ taken up into the cell, so it stays in the blood)

Low (Even though the K+ stays in the blood and is called hyperkalemia, your total K+ would be low because you have polyuria and polydipsia which causes you to excrete a shit load of water and ions and therefore a lot of K+ as well)

Question 4

There is also ____tryiglyceridemia and ____lipoproteinemia for DKA

___ mucous membranes and poor ___ turgor are also common

Answer 4

Hyper, hyper

Dry, skin

Question 5

In type 1 and 2 DM, there is ____, due to polyuria (large amounts of dilute urine) and polydipsea (excess thirst)

Insulin deficiency/resistance

And ___ excess

Answer 5

Dehydration

Glucagon