Clinic - Infectious Diseases Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is the significance of an infection in the first 3 months?
Usually bacterial so need septic screen and IV antibiotics immediately.
Uncommon for viral because of immunity from mother
What are some risk factors for childhood infectious diseases?
Other family members ill
Not immunised
Recent travel
Animal contact
Immunocompromised
Rash - Meningococcal
What is a focus for infection and what are some signs?
An indication of where the infection is
eg
- Stridor
- Diarrhoea
- Rash
- Cough.
- If not ?UTI
See meningitis week
0 - 3 months - E.Coli, Group B Strep, Listeria
1m - 6y - N.meningitidis, S, pneumonae, H.Influenza
6 - 18 - N.meningitidis, S, Pneumonae
Elderly - S,pneumona, Listeria, N,meningitidis
What can cause encephalitis?
HSV
Post chicken pox (varicella zoster) or mumps
What is toxic shock syndrome?
S.aureus super antigen. It can come from an infection at any site
- It causes:
- Fever
- Hypotension
- Diffuse, erythematous, macular rash - LIKE SUNBURN
Treat with surgical debridement and antibiotics
What causes necrotising fasciitis or cellulitis
N.fasciitis - C.perfrigens
Cellulitis - S.aureus/S.pyogenes
What causes meningococcal meningitis?
Pneumococcal meningits?
N.meningitidis
S.Pneumonae
What causes epiglottis?
Croup?
H.influenzae
Parainfluenza viruses
What does the herpes simplex virus cause?
HSV1 - Lip and skin cold sores
HSV 2 - Genital
Often asymptomatic but can cause gingivostomatitis in kids
NB - Eczema herpaticum/Herpes keratitis
What is this?
Herpetic whitlow
HSV1 transferred to finger
What is this?
Herpes Keratitis
What causes chicken pox?
What is the incubation?
What is characteristic of it?
- Varicella zoster
- Incubation - 10-21 days
- Fever and rash together and rash occurs on trunk then spreads
- New and old VESICLES may occur together
- What causes measles?
- What is the incubation?
- What is characteristic of it?
- Measles virus
- 10-14 days
- Fever occus before the rash, KOPLIKS SPOTS and rash behind the ears
NB. Encephalitis
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
- What causes mumps?
- What is the incubation?
- What is characteristic of it?
- Mumps virus
- 7 - 14 days
- Parotiditis and raised amylase
Can lead to orchitis and infertility
- What causes german measles
- What is the incubation?
- What is characteristic of it?
- Rubella vius
- 14-21 days
- Lymphadenopathy in suboccipital and postauricular.
It can cause problems in unborn babies - congenital heart disease, cataracts, deafness
- What does EBV cause?
- What are the symptoms?
- What advice do you give?
- What is the test?
- What is it linked to?
1) Glandular fever
2) Palatal petechae
Fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy can all occur for up t0 3 months
3) Causes hepatosplenomagaly so cant play for 8 weeks
4) Monospot (heterophil antibodies)
5) linked to Burkitts lymphoma, nasopharyngeal cancer
What does CMV cause?
Hepatitis, colitis, oesophagitis
Mild or no symptoms in immunocapable
Treat with ganglicovir
- What is parvovirus B19 also known as?
- What does it cause?
1) Fifth disease/Slapped cheek disease
2) It can cause the following:
- Asymptomatic
- Characterisic face rash a week after fever, malaise and headache
- Aplastic crisis
- Hydrops fetalis in utero
What causes hand, foot and mouth disease?
What is the advice?
Enterovirus
Week off school
What is Kawasaki disease?
Type of vasculitis that can cause aneurysms of the coronary arteries
What are the clinical symptoms of Kawasaki disease?
Fever over 5 days
PLUS
4 of the following:
- Conjunctival infection
- Cracked lips/strawberry tongue
- Rash
- Cervical lymphadenopathy
- Red and oedematous soles or peeling fingers/toes
What is the treatment of Kawasaki disease?
Aspirin and IV immunoglobulins
- What causes lyme disease?
- What characterises it?
- Where is it common?
- Treatment
- Borrelia burgdorferi
- Erythema migrans and flu like symptoms
- N.America
- Doxy/amoxy
