Clinical Flashcards
(51 cards)
How can learning be demonstrated based on changes in the brain?
Synaptic modification
Neurogenesis
Dendritic spine formation
How does the NMDA receptor facilitate postsynaptic modification?
It allows Glutamate to enter the post synapse and triggers Ca2+ to activate second messenger pathways that lead to transcriptional activation at the nucleus via cyclic AMP response element binding protein CREB which can then either enhance transmission or facilitate the formation of new connections.
What stimulates the rapid formation of dendritic spines?
motor learning and novel sensory experience
What is temporal discounting?
An immediate reward is more valued than one greater in the future. you can use this to your advantage like sarah does by giving yourself a reward for studying certain material you don’t like or by going out to eat for example after a test. Also, you can feel the reward of helping patients in the present until you can do it full time in the future.
You accidentally gave a patient the wrong dose of medication and they were hospitalized. What learning modality could you use to help with future decision making related to this experience and what could you do to facilitate learning from this experience?
Future decision making would be benefited from visualization and learning from this would be benefited by self reflection and introspection (mirror neurons)
What are some ways to actively engage in the learning process?
Problem based learning, small groups, teaching, paying attention while performing a task like OPP. It helps to incorporate some stress into the process which increases your attention
How could you attempt to have multitasking work for you?
Have activities planned that serve to reinforce the same material you’re learning. Watching a youtube video on microbiology (listeria video), listening to a song, picmonic, google images on prader willi syndrome etc, watching house MD.
Would you expect someone with a high adult IQ to have thicker or thinner cortex for a longer period of time?
Thicker as this may reflex an extended period of synaptogenesis and high environmental sensitivity or plasticity. Cortical thickness can be increased in areas dealing with expressive and receptive language as well for extended periods of time.
You diagnose three children with ADHD at age 3, 5, and 6 what are some considerations for treatment based on their age?
3 is too young to diagnose, must be 4-18 (have symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and inpulsvity prior to 12y/o) this type of behavior is normal before age 4.
5 first behavioral therapy if no significant improvement then use methylphenidate/ritalin
Dementia can be assessed using the FAST criteria. How is the focus of this criteria unique and what score qualifies someone for hospice? Also what does this score mean?
FAST functional assessment staging
Focus is on Function and ADL vs cognitive decline
score of 7A OR greater qualifies someone for hospice.
This score means that in an average day the dementia patient has no consistently meaningful verbal communication, or ability to speak is limited to 6 or fewer words.
Some people feel that death anxiety plays a major motivating role in all behavior. This can have polarizing effects; explain.
Some are motivated to achieve and build things and create things (including children) that will outlast them
Others especially older adults have more physical and psychological problems relative to individuals with low death anxiety.
Many people are more concerned about how they die than with death itself. What are some of their most common fears?
wasting away
financial burden to family
pain
burden of care
How do people commonly demonstrate death anxiety?
Avoidance of hospitals, funerals, or engaging in death defying activities, getting jobs that deal with death, or through humor.
Death anxiety is lowest among death defying cultures
T or F
False, it is lower in death affirming societies
What are the functions that a funeral serves?
Explain, justify, and regulate the new social roles (widow, oldest son in charge etc)
Help the passage of the dead into the next world
Help the bereaved deal with grief and guilt
a boy asks a girl to a dance who he’s liked for years and she rejects him in front of a group of peers, he calls a suicide hotline and gets sage advice rethinks his life and feels normal a week later.
This is an example of what category of suicidal reaction?
thwarted love
3 Rs of suicide?
reunion rest and revenge
Your friend has a superman complex and gets into a bar fight one night with 3 bikers and ends up dead. His actions are an example of what?
a. god complex
b. sub-intentional suicide
c. too many video games
d. hormonal variations
b
A cry for help has what significance to the person who did it? what form might this cry for help have?
Person wants to force a change in their life
They may get attention by cutting their wrists or overdosing on drugs.
What are some risk factors for suicide in young children and adults?
past negative life experience (death, abuse, neglect, shame, lost love etc), peer influence, Separation from family, poverty, isolation, sexual ID, low self worth, pressure for achievement
What are some reasons why middle aged adults commit suicide?
I think of it in terms of gererativity vs stagnation (kolbergs moral development)
lost dreams and ambitions and family trouble (marriage)
isolation and loneliness
lead to depression or substance abuse as well
Why do the elderly kill themselves?
Personal financial hardship or fear of being a financial or care burden on their families; abuse and neglect, isolation
boredom, feeling useless, loosing purpose
substance abuse
How does the story of Josh typify the warning signs of suicide?
Warning josh lives without warning
selling shit outbursts or apathy weird hours isolation dropping out of school or career substance abuse
Grief names some things that people many need to know or are likely to forget when trying to comfort a friend or loved one that is grief stricken
The grief process takes longer than is generally recognized by society
no two people grieve alike
people may feel uncomfortable around you b/c they don’t know how to make it better
talk about your loved one and encourage others to talk about them too
Physical reactions are common
Take time with personal effects
forgive yourself; may feel guilt
it’s normal to find someone to blame share your feelings in an appropriate way
