gentics

Question 1

How can mitochondrial diseases cause disease?

Answer 1

increased apoptosis leads to decreased CNS function, poor wound healing and immunosuppression

Question 2

Too much mTOR is associated with increased longevity

T/F

Answer 2

F

bad for health and exhaust the stem cell reserves

Question 3

Werner syndrome is characterized by what symptoms? How do people afflicted with warners syndrome typically die? What gene is mutated in this syndrome and what does it code for?

Answer 3

cataracts, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, periferal neuropathy, gonadal atrophy.

MI or cancer

WNR DNA/RNA helicase, telomere maintenance, and double stranded break repair

Question 4

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is caused by a failure of what gene? This leads to what micro and macroscopic features?

Answer 4

LMNA mutation accumulation of progress, fragile nuclei, genomic instability, telomere shortening.

Growth restriction by 6 months: degeneration of skin, MSK, and CV systems, bald. Average age of death is 14 from CHF or MI.

Question 5

whats the current theory of aging; explain

Answer 5

post translational modification

glycation and AGE stimulating pro inflammatory cytokines

Question 6

The DNA protein complexes on the ends of chromosomes are called what?

Answer 6

telomeres

Question 7

Why do telomeres get shorter over time

Answer 7

because the extreme ends can’t be copied

Question 8

Senescence is biological aging and when referring to telomeres what problems arise from their decreasing length?

Answer 8

if cell division continues when telomeres are too short the chromosome becomes unstable

Question 9

Why are most tumor benign? How can telomerase activity make tumors immortal?

Answer 9

because they age as they grown and become unstable

If a tumor activates telomerase activity the cell becomes immortal and this is true of 90% of cancers