Clinical Flashcards
what is a pulmonary embolism?
Blockage of a pulmonary artery by a blood clot, fat, tumour or air
Which type of DVT is most likely to embolise?
A proximal one - ileo-femoral
What are the investigations for a DVT?
Ultrasound or CT scan
Risk factors for PE
Thrombophilia Pill and pregnancy Trauma Immobility Pulmonary hypertension Malignancy
Sounds on examination of someone with a PE?
Crackles or pleural rub
Investigations of a PE?
ECG D-DImers V/Q perfusion scan CT pulmonary Angiogram Leg ultrasound for silent DVT
Prevention of DVT?
Compression stockings
Calf muscle exercise
Low dose low wt heparin
Oral anticoagulant
What is normal mean pulmonary arterial pressure?
12-20 mmHg
Definition of pulmonary hypertension?
> 25 mmHg
Causes of pulmonary venous hypertension?
LVSD
Mitral regurgitation/ stenosis
Cardiomyopathy
Causes of pulmonary arterial hypertension?
Hypoxaemia Multiple PE Vasculitis Drugs HIV
Cor Pulmonale
High sided heart disease secondary to lung disease
What is pulmonary oedema?
An accumulation of fluid in the lung
Where does fluid collect in pulmonary oedema?
The interstitial and alveolar spaces
What causes shock lung?
Sepsis, diffused infection, severe trauma and oxygen
